{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T20:46:48Z","timestamp":1754599608307,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal polyps (NP) cause diverse clinical symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Chronic inflammation of sinonasal mucosa is known to be crucial in NP formation. We aimed to define the implications of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-\u03b4 in nasal inflammation associated with NP by analyzing NP tissue obtained from CRS patients. Results showed that expression of p110\u03b4, a regulatory subunit of PI3K-\u03b4, in NP tissue was increased compared to control tissue. Increased p110\u03b4 expression was closely correlated with more severe CRS features. Interestingly, p110\u03b4 expression was increased in eosinophilic NP, which are closely related to more complicated clinical courses of the disease. Furthermore, CRS patients possessing NP with higher p110\u03b4 expression displayed more eosinophils in NP tissue and blood, higher levels of IL-5 in NP tissue, and more severe features of the disease. Therefore, PI3K-\u03b4 may contribute to the formation of NP, especially eosinophilic NP associated with more severe clinical presentations and radiological features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34345-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T09:46:57Z","timestamp":1540374417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-delta could be a biomarker for eosinophilic nasal polyps"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jong Seung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Seok","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung Bae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6074-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So Ri","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeong Hun","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam Hyun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong Ho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"34345_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12472","volume":"45","author":"KE Hulse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hulse, K. 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