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We identified 5,553 patients with newly diagnosed SS between 2002 and 2013 using Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database and compared them with 83,295 non-SS controls matched (1:15) for age, sex, and the year of their first SS diagnosis. An increased risk of SS was found in patients receiving new macrolides (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 1.95, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.80\u20132.11), fluoroquinolones (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.41\u20131.64), and tetracyclines (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.59\u20131.79) compared with non-SS controls after adjusting for the Charlson comorbidity index, bronchiectasis and <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Notably, the association was consistent among each antibiotic in these three groups of antibiotics. In contrast to these three groups of antibiotics, the use of amikacin tended to have a negative association with incident SS (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53\u20130.87). In conclusion, new macrolides, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines were associated with a higher incidence of SS. These findings indicate the need for vigilance of SS in prescribing these antibiotics and warrant further mechanistic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34495-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T10:42:39Z","timestamp":1540377759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Associations between Antibiotics for Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection and Incident Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome: A Nationwide, Population-based Case-control Study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9631-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Cheng","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Heng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiann-Yi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7304-4587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"34495_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200629020-00006","volume":"29","author":"CS van der Hooft","year":"2006","unstructured":"van der Hooft, C. 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