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Various climate variables, such as humidity and temperature, have been associated with HFMD. However, few studies have assessed the impact of PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> on childhood HFMD. This study investigated the association between PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and HFMD. We fitted a standard distributed lag non-linear model to investigate the temporal lagged relationship between PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and HFMD, and then further assessed whether this relationship varied by gender and pathogen. Between 2011 and 2015, a total of 122,564 HFMD cases under 15 years of age were reported in Chengdu. The PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>-HFMD associations were shown to be non-linear in all subgroups, with the peak at 101\u2013218\u2009\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. Male children were more sensitive to PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> effects. For pathogen-specific relative risks, we found that the risk estimates were generally higher in cases of CVA16 infection. Our study provides evidence that PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> increases the risk of HFMD. Authorities and parents should be fully aware of the impact of PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> on childhood HFMD. Furthermore, appropriate protective measures should be taken to reduce risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35814-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T11:06:43Z","timestamp":1551438403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Analysis of the effect of PM10 on hand, foot and mouth disease in a basin terrain city"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaosong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"35814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70342-6","volume":"14","author":"W Xing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xing, W. et al. 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