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We aimed to explore the LV diastolic function using electrocardiography (ECG)-gated<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET) imaging beyond the assessment of cardiac glucose utilization in a diabetic rat model. ECG-gated<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET imaging was performed in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (ZDF fa\/fa) and ZL control rats at age of 13 weeks (n\u2009=\u20096, respectively). Under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to enhance cardiac activity,<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG was administered and subsequently, list-mode imaging using a dedicated small animal PET system with ECG signal recording was performed. List-mode data were sorted and reconstructed into tomographic images of 16 frames per cardiac cycle. Left ventricular functional parameters (systolic: LV ejection fraction (EF), heart rate (HR) vs. diastolic: peak filling rate (PFR)) were obtained using an automatic ventricular edge detection software. No significant difference in systolic function could be obtained (ZL controls vs. ZDF rats: LVEF, 62.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2 vs. 59.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5%; HR: 331\u2009\u00b1\u200935 vs. 309\u2009\u00b1\u200924 bpm; n.s., respectively). On the contrary, ECG-gated PET imaging showed a mild but significant decrease of PFR in the diabetic rats (ZL controls vs. ZDF rats: 12.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 vs. 10.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091 Enddiastolic Volume\/sec, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Investigating a diabetic rat model, ECG-gated<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET imaging detected LV diastolic dysfunction while systolic function was still preserved. This might open avenues for an early detection of HF onset in high-risk type 2 diabetes before cardiac symptoms become apparent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35986-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T18:57:29Z","timestamp":1543431449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy using ECG-gated 18F-FDG PET"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rudolf A.","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Eissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Arias-Loza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Wakabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehrbod S.","family":"Javadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Shinaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"Lapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theo","family":"Pelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"35986_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i6.850","volume":"6","author":"AT Kharroubi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kharroubi, A. 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