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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which are mineral and bone disorder (MBD)-related factors, affect immune cells and possibly cause thymic atrophy. We examined the cross-sectional association between thymic atrophy, evaluated as the number of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells [recent thymic emigrants (RTE)\/\u03bcL], and MBD-related factors [(serum PTH, FGF23, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level] in 125 patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 17\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Older age (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.46), male sex (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.34), lower eGFR (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.27), lower serum-corrected calcium (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.27), higher PTH (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.36), and higher ALP level (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.20) were identified as determinants of lower number of RTE. In contrast, serum concentrations of FGF23 and phosphorus were not correlated with RTE. Multivariate non-linear regression analysis indicated a negative association between serum PTH and log-transformed RTE (P\u2009=\u20090.030, P for non-linearity\u2009=\u20090.124). However, the serum levels of FGF23 and ALP were not associated with RTE. In patients with CKD, serum PTH concentrations were related to thymic atrophy which contributes to immune abnormality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37511-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T11:02:48Z","timestamp":1548673368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Parathyroid hormone and premature thymus ageing in patients with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3885-1279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Iio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daijiro","family":"Kabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rei","family":"Iio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Hatanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3166-9754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Hoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukihiko","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayumi","family":"Shintani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Hamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Isaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"37511_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.110","volume":"80","author":"MG Betjes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Betjes, M. 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