{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:31:07Z","timestamp":1783042267146,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) can be caused by pyrrolizidine alkaloids(PAs)-containing herbals. In this study, the aim of our study was to investigate the imaging features of PAs-induced HSOS on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), susceptibility-weighted imaging(SWI) and T2* weighted imaging (T2* WI). We analyzed medical records and MR images of 28 PAs-induced HSOS patients enrolled from Feb, 2013, to Apr, 2017. Abnormal liver function was observed in most of the PAs-induced HSOS patients. Heterogeneity of liver parenchyma in hepatobillary phase (HBP) of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR scan was observed in 100% of the PAs-induced HSOS patients. Distributional patterns of heterogeneous hypointensity were multifocal distribution (mild) in 4 patients (14.29%), multifocal distribution (severe) in 15 cases (53.57%), and diffuse distribution in 9 patients (32.14%). Hypointense in SWI and T2*WI was observed in the patients of PAs-induced HSOS, and the distribution of hypointense in SWI and T2*WI was similar to that of portal-venous phase of MR scan. The severity of heterogeneous hypointensity scored by volume fraction in hepatobillary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI was positively correlated with PT and INR, the severity of hypointensity in HBP was a risk factor of death events. In conclusion: Heterogenous hypointensity of liver parenchyma was an imaging sign of hepatobillary phase in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI; thus, it will provide evidences for the diagnosis of PA-induced HSOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37775-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T11:04:09Z","timestamp":1549278249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Hepatobiliary-Phase Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Induced Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome and Association with Liver Function"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangquan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keshu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1952-654X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"37775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2011.00552.x","volume":"13","author":"H Gao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gao, H., Li, N., Wang, J. 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