{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T23:13:37Z","timestamp":1769123617179,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consensus seeking \u2013 abandoning one\u2019s own judgment to align with a group majority \u2013 is a fundamental feature of human social interaction. Notably, such striving for majority affiliation often occurs in the absence of any apparent economic or social gain, suggesting that achieving consensus might have intrinsic value. Here, using a simple gambling task, in which the decisions of ostensible previous gamblers were indicated below available options on each trial, we examined the affective properties of agreeing with a group majority by assessing the trade-off between social and non-social currencies, and the transfer of social valence to concomitant stimuli. In spite of demonstrating near-perfect knowledge of objective reward probabilities, participant\u2019s choices and evaluative judgments reflected a reliable preference for conformity, consistent with the hypothesized value of social alignment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38560-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T11:03:55Z","timestamp":1550228635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Expression and Transfer of Valence Associated with Social Conformity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Prachi","family":"Mistry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mimi","family":"Liljeholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"38560_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.119.1.111","volume":"119","author":"R Bond","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bond, R. & Smith, P. B. Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch\u2019s (1952b, 1956) line judgment task. Psychol. Bull. 119, 111 (1996).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"38560_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/15534510802247438","volume":"3","author":"S Reysen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reysen, S. & Branscombe, N. R. Belief in collective emotions as conforming to the group. Soc. Influence 3, 171\u2013188 (2008).","journal-title":"Soc. Influence"},{"key":"38560_CR3","first-page":"60","volume":"187","author":"M Sherif","year":"1935","unstructured":"Sherif, M. A study of some social factors in perception. Arch. Psychol. (Columbia University) 187, 60 (1935).","journal-title":"Arch. Psychol. (Columbia University)"},{"key":"38560_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.11.027","volume":"61","author":"V Klucharev","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klucharev, V., Hyt\u00f6nen, K., Rijpkema, M., Smidts, A. & Fern\u00e1ndez, G. Reinforcement learning signal predicts social conformity. Neuron 61, 140\u2013151 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"38560_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02291.x","volume":"20","author":"KH Corriveau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Corriveau, K. H., Fusaro, M. & Harris, P. L. Going with the flow: Preschoolers prefer nondissenters as informants. Psychol. Sci. 20, 372\u2013377 (2009).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"38560_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00795","volume":"7","author":"EC Nook","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nook, E. C. & Zaki, J. Social norms shift behavioural and neural responses to foods. J. Cognitive Neurosci. 7, 1412\u20131426, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00795 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Cognitive Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39588","volume":"6","author":"S Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun, S. & Yu, R. Social conformity persists at least one day in 6-year-old children. Sci. Rep. 6, 39588, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep39588 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"38560_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.04.055","volume":"20","author":"DK Campbell-Meiklejohn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Campbell-Meiklejohn, D. K., Bach, D. R., Roepstorff, A., Dolan, R. J. & Frith, C. D. How the opinion of others affects our valuation of objects. Curr. Biol. 20, 1165\u20131170 (2010).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"38560_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611411057","volume":"22","author":"J Zaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zaki, J., Schirmer, J. & Mitchell, J. P. Social influence modulates the neural computation of value. Psychol. Sci. 22, 894\u2013900 (2011).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"38560_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064530","volume":"8","author":"R Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu, R. & Sun, S. To conform or not to conform: spontaneous conformity diminishes the sensitivity to monetary outcomes. PloS One 8, e64530, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0064530 (2013).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"38560_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00019-1","volume":"96","author":"JC Horvitz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Horvitz, J. C. Mesolimbocortical and nigrostriatal dopamine responses to salient non-reward events. Neuroscience 96, 651\u2013656 (2000).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"38560_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8092","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-22-08092.2003","volume":"23","author":"CF Zink","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zink, C. F., Pagnoni, G., Martin, M. E., Dhamala, M. & Berns, G. S. Human striatal response to salient nonrewarding stimuli. J. Neurosci. 23, 8092\u20138097 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20274","volume":"28","author":"J Jensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jensen, J. et al. Separate brain regions code for salience vs. valence during reward prediction in humans. Hum. Brain Mapp. 28, 294\u2013302 (2007).","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"38560_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.08.009","volume":"39","author":"JC Cooper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cooper, J. C. & Knutson, B. Valence and salience contribute to nucleus accumbens activation. Neuroimage 39, 538\u2013547 (2008).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"38560_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.1.22","volume":"88","author":"DC Matz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Matz, D. C. & Wood, W. Cognitive dissonance in groups: the consequences of disagreement. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 88, 22\u201337 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"38560_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6068","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703857114","volume":"114","author":"S Gavrilets","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gavrilets, S. & Richerson, P. J. Collective action and the evolution of social norm internalization. P. Nat. A. Sci. 114, 6068\u20136073 (2017).","journal-title":"P. Nat. A. Sci."},{"key":"38560_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9984","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2131-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"H Plassmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Plassmann, H., O\u2019Doherty, J. & Rangel, A. Orbitofrontal cortex encodes willingness to pay in everyday economic transactions. J. Neurosci. 27, 9984\u20139988 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5623","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1309-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"TA Hare","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hare, T. A., O\u2019Doherty, J., Camerer, C. F., Schultz, W. & Rangel, A. Dissociating the Role of the Orbitofrontal Cortex and the Striatum in the Computation of Goal Values and Prediction Errors. J. Neurosci. 28, 5623\u20135630 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12315","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2575-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"VS Chib","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chib, V. S., Rangel, A., Shimojo, S. & O\u2019Doherty, J. P. Evidence for a common representation of decision values for dissimilar goods in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci. 29, 12315\u201312320 (2009).","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.04.031","volume":"213","author":"J Peters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peters, J. & B\u00fcchel, C. Neural representations of subjective reward value. Behav. Brain Res. 213, 135\u2013141 (2010).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"38560_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132842","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132842","volume":"10","author":"MW Khaw","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khaw, M. W., Grab, D. A., Livermore, M. A., Vossler, C. A. & Glimcher, P. W. The measurement of subjective value and its relation to contingent valuation and environmental public goods. PloS One 10, e0132842, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132842 (2015).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"38560_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.1993.tb00881.x","volume":"31","author":"VL Smith","year":"1993","unstructured":"Smith, V. L. & Walker, J. M. Monetary rewards and decision cost in experimental economics. Econ. Inq. 31, 245\u2013261 (1993).","journal-title":"Econ. Inq."},{"key":"38560_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-5978(02)00021-3","volume":"89","author":"A K\u00fchberger","year":"2002","unstructured":"K\u00fchberger, A., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M. & Perner, J. Framing decisions: Hypothetical and real. Organ. Behav. Hum. Dec. 89, 1162\u20131175 (2002).","journal-title":"Organ. Behav. Hum. Dec."},{"key":"38560_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2002.77-129","volume":"77","author":"MW Johnson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Johnson, M. W. & Bickel, W. K. Within\u2010subject comparison of real and hypothetical money rewards in delay discounting. J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 77, 129\u2013146 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"38560_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.11.2.139","volume":"11","author":"GJ Madden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Madden, G. J., Begotka, A. M., Raiff, B. R. & Kastern, L. L. Delay discounting of real and hypothetical rewards. Exp. Clin. Psychopharm. 11, 139 (2003).","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharm."},{"key":"38560_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1583-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"MJ Kang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kang, M. J., Rangel, A., Camus, M. & Camerer, C. F. Hypothetical and real choice differentially activate common valuation areas. J. Neurosci. 31, 461\u2013468 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95789","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095789","volume":"9","author":"W Toyokawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toyokawa, W., Kim, H. R. & Kameda, T. Human collective intelligence under dual exploration-exploitation dilemmas. PloS One 9, e95789, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0095789 (2014).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"38560_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2011.608590","volume":"65","author":"CB Harris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harris, C. B., Barnier, A. J. & Sutton, J. Consensus collaboration enhances group and individual recall accuracy. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 65, 179\u2013194 (2012).","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"38560_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.1843","volume":"28","author":"B G\u00fcr\u00e7ay","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00fcr\u00e7ay, B., Mellers, B. A. & Baron, J. The power of social influence on estimation accuracy. J. Behav. Decis. Making 28, 250\u2013261 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Behav. Decis. Making"},{"key":"38560_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-010-0059-7","volume":"39","author":"MD Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, M. D., Zhang, S. & Shi, J. The wisdom of the crowd playing The Price Is Right. Mem. Cogn. 39, 914\u2013923 (2011).","journal-title":"Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"38560_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050774","volume":"140","author":"M Arroyo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Arroyo, M., Markou, A., Robbins, T. W. & Everitt, B. J. Acquisition, maintenance and reinstatement of intravenous cocaine self-administration under a second-order schedule of reinforcement in rats: effects of conditioned cues and continuous access to cocaine. Psychopharmacology 140, 331\u2013344 (1998).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"38560_CR32","first-page":"18","volume":"186","author":"SR Goldberg","year":"1973","unstructured":"Goldberg, S. R. Comparable behavior maintained under fixed-ratio and second-order schedules of food presentation, cocaine injection or d-amphetamine injection in the squirrel monkey. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 186, 18\u201330 (1973).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"38560_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1979.32-419","volume":"32","author":"JL Katz","year":"1979","unstructured":"Katz, J. L. A comparison of responding maintained under second-order schedules of intramuscular cocaine injection or food presentation in squirrel monkeys. J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 32, 419\u2013431 (1979).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"38560_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210950","volume":"1","author":"BA Williams","year":"1994","unstructured":"Williams, B. A. Conditioned reinforcement: Neglected or outmoded explanatory construct? Psychon. B. Rev. 1, 457\u2013475 (1994).","journal-title":"Psychon. B. Rev."},{"key":"38560_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3360-04.2005","volume":"25","author":"SM Cox","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cox, S. M., Andrade, A. & Johnsrude, I. S. Learning to like: a role for human orbitofrontal cortex in conditioned reward. The J. Neurosci. 25, 2733\u20132740 (2005).","journal-title":"The J. Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Festinger, L. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. (Stanford University Press, 1957).","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503620766"},{"key":"38560_CR37","unstructured":"Rescorla, R. A. & Wagner, A. R. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement in Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory (eds. Black, A. H. & Prokasy, W. F.) 64\u201399 (Appleton-Century-Crofts 1972)."},{"key":"38560_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sutton, R. S. & Barto, A. G. Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. (MIT press 1998).","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.1998.712192"},{"key":"38560_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00114","volume":"24","author":"JC Cooper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cooper, J. C., Dunne, S., Furey, T. & O\u2019Doherty, J. P. Human dorsal striatum encodes prediction errors during observational learning of instrumental actions. J. Cognitive Neurosci. 24, 106\u2013118 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Cognitive Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR40","unstructured":"Mistry, P. & Liljeholm, M. The Intrinsic Cost of Dissent. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Kalish, C., Rau, M., Zhu, J. & Rogers, T. T. editors, number 40 in All CogSci Conferences, 786\u2013791 (Cognitive Science Society, Austin, 2018)."},{"key":"38560_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007721327452","volume":"14","author":"J Beattie","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beattie, J. & Loomes, G. The impact of incentives upon risky choice experiments. J. Risk Uncertainty 14, 155\u2013168 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Risk Uncertainty"},{"key":"38560_CR42","first-page":"623","volume":"69","author":"DM Grether","year":"1979","unstructured":"Grether, D. M. & Plott, C. R. Economic theory of choice and the preference reversal phenomenon. Am. Econ. Rev. 69, 623\u2013638 (1979).","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"38560_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11934","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1869-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"V Klucharev","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klucharev, V., Munneke, M. A., Smidts, A. & Fern\u00e1ndez, G. Downregulation of the posterior medial frontal cortex prevents social conformity. J. Neurosci. 31, 11934\u201311940 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.2307\/2785740","volume":"15","author":"M Sherif","year":"1952","unstructured":"Sherif, M. & Harvey, O. J. A study in ego functioning: Elimination of stable anchorages in individual and group situations. Sociometry 15, 272\u2013305 (1952).","journal-title":"Sociometry"},{"key":"38560_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420230103","volume":"23","author":"C McGarty","year":"1993","unstructured":"McGarty, C., Turner, J. C., Oakes, P. J. & Haslam, S. A. The creation of uncertainty in the influence process: The roles of stimulus information and disagreement with similar others. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 23, 17\u201338 (1993).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"38560_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1348\/014466606X164439","volume":"46","author":"JR Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith, J. R., Hogg, M. A., Martin, R. & Terry, D. J. Uncertainty and the influence of group norms in the attitude\u2013behaviour relationship. Brit. J. Soc. Psychol. 46, 769\u2013792 (2007).","journal-title":"Brit. J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"38560_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.92.1.30","volume":"92","author":"JV Petrocelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Petrocelli, J. V., Tormala, Z. L. & Rucker, D. D. Unpacking attitude certainty: attitude clarity and attitude correctness. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 92, 30 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"38560_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046408","volume":"51","author":"M Deutsch","year":"1955","unstructured":"Deutsch, M. & Gerard, H. B. A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psych. 51, 629 (1955).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Soc. Psych."},{"key":"38560_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.08.002","volume":"13","author":"RM Raafat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Raafat, R. M., Chater, N. & Frith, C. Herding in humans. Trends Cogn. Sci. 13, 420\u2013428 (2009).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"38560_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nst173","volume":"9","author":"U Toelch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Toelch, U., Bach, D. R. & Dolan, R. J. The neural underpinnings of an optimal exploitation of social information under uncertainty. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neur. 9, 1746\u20131753 (2013).","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neur."},{"key":"38560_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4490-15.2016","volume":"37","author":"D Campbell-Meiklejohn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Campbell-Meiklejohn, D., Simonsen, A., Frith, C. D. & Daw, N. D. Independent neural computation of value from other people\u2019s confidence. J. Neurosci. 37, 673\u2013684 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047007","volume":"63","author":"LA Rosenberg","year":"1961","unstructured":"Rosenberg, L. A. Group size, prior experience, and conformity. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psych. 63, 436\u2013437 (1961).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Soc. Psych."},{"key":"38560_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025325","volume":"8","author":"HB Gerard","year":"1968","unstructured":"Gerard, H. B., Wilhelmy, R. A. & Conolley, R. S. Conformity and group size. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 8, 79\u201382 (1968).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"38560_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.88.5.438","volume":"88","author":"B Latan\u00e9","year":"1981","unstructured":"Latan\u00e9, B. & Wolf, S. The social impact of majorities and minorities. Psychol. Rev. 88, 438\u2013453 (1981).","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"38560_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41539-017-0009-2","volume":"2","author":"J Joiner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Joiner, J., Piva, M., Turrin, C. & Chang, S. W. Social learning through prediction error in the brain. NPJ Sci. Learn. 2, 8, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41539-017-0009-2 (2017).","journal-title":"NPJ Sci. Learn."},{"key":"38560_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52630","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052630","volume":"8","author":"D Tomlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tomlin, D., Nedic, A., Prentice, D. A., Holmes, P. & Cohen, J. D. The Neural Substrates of Social Influence on Decision Making. PloS One 8, e52630, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0052630 (2013).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"38560_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00154-5","volume":"38","author":"SM McClure","year":"2003","unstructured":"McClure, S. M., Berns, G. S. & Montague, P. R. Temporal prediction errors in a passive learning task activate human striatum. Neuron 38, 339\u201334 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"38560_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00169-7","volume":"38","author":"JP O\u2019Doherty","year":"2003","unstructured":"O\u2019Doherty, J. P., Dayan, P., Friston, K., Critchley, H. & Dolan, R. J. Temporal difference models and reward-related learning in the human brain. Neuron 38, 329\u2013337 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"38560_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(82)90021-1","volume":"8","author":"H Maeda","year":"1982","unstructured":"Maeda, H. & Mogenson, G. J. Effects of peripheral stimulation on the activity of neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and midbrain reticular formation of rats. Brain Res. Bull. 8, 7\u201314 (1982).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"38560_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00255-H","volume":"68","author":"C Besson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Besson, C. & Louilot, A. Asymmetrical involvement of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons in affective perception. Neuroscience 68, 963\u2013968 (1995).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"38560_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093360","volume":"303","author":"MA Ungless","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ungless, M. A., Magill, P. J. & Bolam, J. P. Uniform inhibition of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area by aversive stimuli. Science 303, 2040\u20132042 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"38560_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00724-4","volume":"40","author":"J Jensen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jensen, J. et al. Direct activation of the ventral striatum in anticipation of aversive stimuli. Neuron 40, 1251\u20131257 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"38560_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.11.014","volume":"49","author":"JP O\u2019Doherty","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Doherty, J. P., Buchanan, T. W., Seymour, B. & Dolan, R. J. Predictive neural coding of reward preference involves dissociable responses in human ventral midbrain and ventral striatum. Neuron 49, 157\u2013166 (2006).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"38560_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4826","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0400-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"B Seymour","year":"2007","unstructured":"Seymour, B., Daw, N., Dayan, P., Singer, T. & Dolan, R. Differential encoding of losses and gains in the human striatum. J. Neurosci. 27, 4826\u20134831 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"38560_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.09.039","volume":"44","author":"L Levita","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levita, L. et al. The bivalent side of the nucleus accumbens. Neuroimage 44, 1178\u20131187 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-38560-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-38560-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-38560-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T05:59:43Z","timestamp":1671256783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-38560-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["38560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-38560-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"2154"}}