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The method first uses clustering and watershed algorithm to segment the original chromosome image, and then identifies the individual chromosomes. The results show that when the equivalent width Y parameter is selected m\u2009=\u20091, n\u2009=\u20091, the true positive rate of dicentric chromosome identification is 76.6%, and positive predictive value is 76.6% in high dose, which is higher than the threshold algorithm for the true positive rate (63.9%) and positive predictive value (63.5%). The number of identified dicentric chromosomes can be used for dose estimation. When 500 cells are used for identification and dose estimation, the dose estimation pass rate can reach 80% in high dose. 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