{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:45:20Z","timestamp":1781527520771,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1020028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1020028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1020028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1020028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001962","name":"A-T Children&apos;s Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RM2016000563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM2016000563"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001962","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001962","name":"A-T Children&apos;s Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RM2016000563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM2016000563"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001962","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"BrAshA-T, Australia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) who are prone to recurrent sinopulmonary infections, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary failure. Upper airway infections are common in patients and <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> is associated with these infections. We demonstrate here that the upper airway microbiome in patients with A-T is different from that to healthy controls, with <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> detected largely in patients only. Patient-specific airway epithelial cells and differentiated air-liquid interface cultures derived from these were hypersensitive to infection which was at least in part due to oxidative damage since it was partially reversed by catalase. We also observed increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1 (inflammasome-independent) and a decreased level of the inflammasome-dependent cytokine IL-\u03b2 in patient cells. Further investigation revealed that the ASC-Caspase 1 signalling pathway was defective in A-T airway epithelial cells. These data suggest that the heightened susceptibility of these cells to <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection is due to both increased oxidative damage and a defect in inflammasome activation, and has implications for lung disease in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38901-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T11:03:34Z","timestamp":1550833414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Increased susceptibility of airway epithelial cells from ataxia-telangiectasia to S. pneumoniae infection due to oxidative damage and impaired innate immunity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Abrey J.","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Henningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Fantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9102-3846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally","family":"Galbraith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3806-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutz","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6305-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter D.","family":"Sly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin F.","family":"Lavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"38901_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1080\/21678707.2016.1254618","volume":"4","author":"MF Lavin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lavin, M. F. et al. Therapeutic targets and investigated treatments for Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Expert Opin Orphan D 4, 1263\u20131276, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21678707.2016.1254618 (2016).","journal-title":"Expert Opin Orphan D"},{"key":"38901_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-016-0543-7","volume":"11","author":"C Rothblum-Oviatt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rothblum-Oviatt, C. et al. Ataxia telangiectasia: a review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 11, 159, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-016-0543-7 (2016).","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"38901_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"E Boder","year":"1985","unstructured":"Boder, E. Ataxia-telangiectasia: an overview. Kroc Found Ser 19, 1\u201363 (1985).","journal-title":"Kroc Found Ser"},{"key":"38901_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2514","volume":"9","author":"MF Lavin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lavin, M. F. Ataxia-telangiectasia: from a rare disorder to a paradigm for cell signalling and cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9, 759\u2013769, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm2514 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"38901_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00141413","volume":"43","author":"JM Bhatt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhatt, J. M. & Bush, A. Microbiological surveillance in lung disease in ataxia telangiectasia. Eur Respir J 43, 1797\u20131801, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00141413 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"38901_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00338.x","volume":"96","author":"L Bott","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bott, L. et al. Lung disease in ataxia-telangiectasia. Acta Paediatr 96, 1021\u20131024, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00338.x (2007).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"38901_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.12.007","volume":"156","author":"SA McGrath-Morrow","year":"2010","unstructured":"McGrath-Morrow, S. A. et al. Elevated serum IL-8 levels in ataxia telangiectasia. J Pediatr 156, 682\u2013684 e681, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.12.007 (2010).","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"38901_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.12.046","volume":"144","author":"A Nowak-Wegrzyn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nowak-Wegrzyn, A., Crawford, T. O., Winkelstein, J. A., Carson, K. A. & Lederman, H. M. Immunodeficiency and infections in ataxia-telangiectasia. J Pediatr 144, 505\u2013511, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.12.046 (2004).","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"38901_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22817","volume":"49","author":"SA Schroeder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schroeder, S. A. & Zielen, S. Infections of the respiratory system in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 49, 389\u2013399, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.22817 (2014).","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"38901_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01456-2015","volume":"46","author":"JM Bhatt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhatt, J. M. et al. Ataxia telangiectasia: why should the ERS care? Eur Respir J 46, 1557\u20131560, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01456-2015 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"38901_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1011","volume":"3","author":"Y Shiloh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shiloh, Y. ATM and related protein kinases: safeguarding genome integrity. Nat Rev Cancer 3, 155\u2013168, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrc1011 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"38901_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-7864(01)00007-6","volume":"1","author":"A Barzilai","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barzilai, A., Rotman, G. & Shiloh, Y. ATM deficiency and oxidative stress: a new dimension of defective response to DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 1, 3\u201325 (2002).","journal-title":"DNA Repair (Amst)"},{"key":"38901_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192912","volume":"330","author":"Z Guo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guo, Z., Kozlov, S., Lavin, M. F., Person, M. D. & Paull, T. T. ATM activation by oxidative stress. Science 330, 517\u2013521, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1192912 (2010).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"38901_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11453","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-36-11453.2003","volume":"23","author":"P Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen, P. et al. Oxidative stress is responsible for deficient survival and dendritogenesis in Purkinje neurons from ataxia-telangiectasia mutated mutant mice. J Neurosci 23, 11453\u201311460 (2003).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"38901_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.018","volume":"41","author":"N Gueven","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gueven, N. et al. Dramatic extension of tumor latency and correction of neurobehavioral phenotype in Atm-mutant mice with a nitroxide antioxidant. Free Radical Bio Med 41, 992\u20131000, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.018 (2006).","journal-title":"Free Radical Bio Med"},{"key":"38901_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9915","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.17.9915","volume":"96","author":"C Barlow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barlow, C. et al. Loss of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene product causes oxidative damage in target organs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 9915\u20139919 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"38901_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt101","volume":"22","author":"R Stewart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stewart, R. et al. A patient-derived olfactory stem cell disease model for ataxia-telangiectasia. Hum Mol Genet 22, 2495\u20132509, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddt101 (2013).","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"38901_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2012-0024","volume":"1","author":"S Nayler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nayler, S. et al. Induced pluripotent stem cells from ataxia-telangiectasia recapitulate the cellular phenotype. Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 523\u2013535, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5966\/sctm.2012-0024 (2012).","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"38901_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02989","volume":"431","author":"K Ito","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ito, K. et al. Regulation of oxidative stress by ATM is required for self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 431, 997\u20131002, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature02989 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"38901_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.08.028","volume":"46","author":"R Reliene","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reliene, R., Fleming, S. M., Chesselet, M. F. & Schiestl, R. H. Effects of antioxidants on cancer prevention and neuromotor performance in Atm deficient mice. Food Chem Toxicol 46, 1371\u20131377, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2007.08.028 (2008).","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"38901_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.1.229S","volume":"137","author":"R Reliene","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reliene, R. & Schiestl, R. H. Antioxidants suppress lymphoma and increase longevity in Atm-deficient mice. J Nutr 137, 229S\u2013232S, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/137.1.229S (2007).","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"38901_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3421","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424144112","volume":"112","author":"P Rai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rai, P. et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae secretes hydrogen peroxide leading to DNA damage and apoptosis in lung cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112, E3421\u20133430, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1424144112 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"38901_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201611-2210LE","volume":"196","author":"AJ Yeo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yeo, A. J. et al. Loss of ATM in Airway Epithelial Cells is Associated with Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 196, 391, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201611-2210LE (2017).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"38901_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204908","volume":"69","author":"KM Spann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spann, K. M. et al. Viral and host factors determine innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells from children with wheeze and atopy. Thorax 69, 918\u2013925, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204908 (2014).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"38901_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2010.04.004","volume":"278","author":"K Berube","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berube, K., Prytherch, Z., Job, C. & Hughes, T. Human primary bronchial lung cell constructs: the new respiratory models. Toxicology 278, 311\u2013318, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2010.04.004 (2010).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"38901_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11751","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9018572","volume":"131","author":"M Alfonso-Prieto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alfonso-Prieto, M., Biarnes, X., Vidossich, P. & Rovira, C. The molecular mechanism of the catalase reaction. J Am Chem Soc 131, 11751\u201311761, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja9018572 (2009).","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"38901_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.01.002","volume":"171","author":"SA McGrath-Morrow","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGrath-Morrow, S. A., Collaco, J. M., Detrick, B. & Lederman, H. M. Serum Interleukin-6 Levels and Pulmonary Function in Ataxia-Telangiectasia. J Pediatr 171, 256\u2013261 e251, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.01.002 (2016).","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"38901_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.02.004","volume":"24","author":"FS Sutterwala","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sutterwala, F. S. et al. Critical role for NALP3\/CIAS1\/Cryopyrin in innate and adaptive immunity through its regulation of caspase-1. Immunity 24, 317\u2013327, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.02.004 (2006).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"38901_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4922","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00417-06","volume":"74","author":"B Raupach","year":"2006","unstructured":"Raupach, B., Peuschel, S. K., Monack, D. M. & Zychlinsky, A. Caspase-1-mediated activation of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-18 contributes to innate immune defenses against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Infect Immun 74, 4922\u20134926, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00417-06 (2006).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"38901_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1100\/2011\/212680","volume":"11","author":"M Sahoo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sahoo, M., Ceballos-Olvera, I., del Barrio, L. & Re, F. Role of the inflammasome, IL-1beta, and IL-18 in bacterial infections. ScientificWorldJournal 11, 2037\u20132050, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1100\/2011\/212680 (2011).","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"38901_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.25","volume":"14","author":"KD Mayer-Barber","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayer-Barber, K. D. & Yan, B. Clash of the Cytokine Titans: counter-regulation of interleukin-1 and type I interferon-mediated inflammatory responses. Cell Mol Immunol 14, 22\u201335, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cmi.2016.25 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"38901_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2004.05.041","volume":"3","author":"A Bragonzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bragonzi, A., Copreni, E., de Bentzmann, S., Ulrich, M. & Conese, M. Airway epithelial cell-pathogen interactions. J Cyst Fibros 3(2), 197\u2013201, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcf.2004.05.041 (2004).","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"38901_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20735","volume":"43","author":"MI Gomez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gomez, M. I. & Prince, A. Airway epithelial cell signaling in response to bacterial pathogens. Pediatr Pulmonol 43, 11\u201319, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.20735 (2008).","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"38901_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-513-8_15","volume":"842","author":"DB Hill","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hill, D. B. & Button, B. Establishment of respiratory air-liquid interface cultures and their use in studying mucin production, secretion, and function. Methods Mol Biol 842, 245\u2013258, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-61779-513-8_15 (2012).","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"38901_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muller, L., Brighton, L. E., Carson, J. L., Fischer, W. A. & Jaspers, I. Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface. Jove-J Vis Exp, UNSP e50646, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/50646 (2013).","DOI":"10.3791\/50646"},{"key":"38901_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.006031","volume":"3","author":"JR Rock","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rock, J. R., Randell, S. H. & Hogan, B. L. M. Airway basal stem cells: a perspective on their roles in epithelial homeostasis and remodeling. Dis Model Mech 3, 545\u2013556, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dmm.006031 (2010).","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"38901_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.06.018","volume":"45","author":"SF Erttmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Erttmann, S. F. et al. Loss of the DNA Damage Repair Kinase ATM Impairs Inflammasome-Dependent Anti-Bacterial Innate Immunity. Immunity 45, 106\u2013118, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.06.018 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"38901_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morales, A. J. et al. A type I IFN-dependent DNA damage response regulates the genetic program and inflammasome activation in macrophages. Elife 6, ARTN e24655, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.24655 (2017).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.24655"},{"key":"38901_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf7532","volume":"354","author":"B Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu, B. et al. The DNA-sensing AIM2 inflammasome controls radiation-induced cell death and tissue injury. Science 354, 765\u2013768, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaf7532 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"38901_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21277","volume":"45","author":"SA McGrath-Morrow","year":"2010","unstructured":"McGrath-Morrow, S. A. et al. Evaluation and management of pulmonary disease in ataxia-telangiectasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 45, 847\u2013859, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.21277 (2010).","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"38901_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20209","volume":"39","author":"SA Schroeder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schroeder, S. A., Swift, M., Sandoval, C. & Langston, C. Interstitial lung disease in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 39, 537\u2013543, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.20209 (2005).","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"38901_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00014-10","volume":"24","author":"M Vareille","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vareille, M., Kieninger, E., Edwards, M. R. & Regamey, N. The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 24, 210\u2013229, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00014-10 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"38901_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00098803","volume":"23","author":"R Bals","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bals, R. & Hiemstra, P. S. Innate immunity in the lung: how epithelial cells fight against respiratory pathogens. Eur Respir J 23, 327\u2013333, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.03.00098803 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"38901_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104209","volume":"69","author":"SJ Siegel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siegel, S. J. & Weiser, J. N. Mechanisms of Bacterial Colonization of the Respiratory Tract. Annu Rev Microbiol 69, 425\u2013444, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104209 (2015).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"38901_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-016-0067-1","volume":"4","author":"S Boutin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boutin, S. & Dalpke, A. H. Acquisition and adaptation of the airway microbiota in the early life of cystic fibrosis patients. Mol Cell Pediatr 4, 1, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40348-016-0067-1 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Pediatr"},{"key":"38901_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1159\/000449101","volume":"9","author":"E Baturcam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baturcam, E. et al. Human Metapneumovirus Impairs Apoptosis of Nasal Epithelial Cells in Asthma via HSP70. Journal of innate immunity 9, 52\u201364, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000449101 (2017).","journal-title":"Journal of innate immunity"},{"key":"38901_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beale, J. et al. Rhinovirus-induced IL-25 in asthma exacerbation drives type 2 immunity and allergic pulmonary inflammation. Science translational medicine 6, 256ra134, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009124 (2014).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009124"},{"key":"38901_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12767","volume":"46","author":"A Kicic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kicic, A. et al. Impaired airway epithelial cell responses from children with asthma to rhinoviral infection. Clinical and experimental allergy: journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 46, 1441\u20131455, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cea.12767 (2016).","journal-title":"Clinical and experimental allergy: journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"38901_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.117","volume":"2","author":"AA Al-Sayed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Sayed, A. A., Agu, R. U. & Massoud, E. Models for the study of nasal and sinus physiology in health and disease: A review of the literature. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2, 398\u2013409, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.117 (2017).","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"key":"38901_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425917737825","volume":"23","author":"MC Morris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morris, M. C. & Pichichero, M. E. Streptococcus pneumoniae burden and nasopharyngeal inflammation during acute otitis media. Innate Immun 23, 667\u2013677, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1753425917737825 (2017).","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"key":"38901_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100381","volume":"187","author":"R Fang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fang, R. et al. Critical roles of ASC inflammasomes in caspase-1 activation and host innate resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. J Immunol 187, 4890\u20134899, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1100381 (2011).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"38901_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw725","volume":"33","author":"M Zakrzewski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zakrzewski, M. et al. Calypso: a user-friendly web-server for mining and visualizing microbiome-environment interactions. Bioinformatics 33, 782\u2013783, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw725 (2017).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"38901_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15025","DOI":"10.1038\/celldisc.2015.25","volume":"1","author":"AJ Yeo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yeo, A. J. et al. Senataxin controls meiotic silencing through ATR activation and chromatin remodeling. Cell Discov 1, 15025, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/celldisc.2015.25 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Discov"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69649-w","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000}}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-38901-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-38901-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-38901-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T06:19:17Z","timestamp":1671257957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-38901-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["38901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-38901-3","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69649-w","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2020","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"2627"}}