{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:56:55Z","timestamp":1791644215327,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Airway mucus responses to subclinical infections may explain variations in progression of chronic lung diseases and differences in clinical expression of respiratory infections across individuals. <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> associates to more severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, respiratory distress of premature newborns, and is a consistent subclinical infection between 2 and 5 months of age when hospitalizations for respiratory cause and infant mortality are higher. This atypical fungus associates to increased mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), a central effector of Th2-type allergic inflammation, in infant lungs. However, mucus progression, expression of MUC5B essential for airway defense, and potential for pharmacologic modulation of mucus during <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> infection remain unknown. We measured MUC5B and <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> in infant lungs, and progression of mucin levels and effect of inhibition of the STAT6\/FoxA2 mucus pathway using Kaempferol, a JAK\/STAT6 inhibitor, in immunocompetent rats during <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> primary infection. <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> associated to increased MUC5B in infant lungs. Muc5b increased earlier and more abundantly than Muc5ac during experimental primary infection suggesting an acute defensive response against <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> as described against bacteria, while increased Muc5ac levels supports an ongoing allergic, Th2 lymphocyte-type response during primary <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> infection. Kaempferol partly reversed Muc5b stimulation suggesting limited potential for pharmacological modulation via the STAT6-FoxA2 pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39079-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T11:03:38Z","timestamp":1550142218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Increase in secreted airway mucins and partial Muc5b STAT6\/FoxA2 regulation during Pneumocystis primary infection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Diego A.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo A.","family":"Iturra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina A.","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"B\u00f3rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9299-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio L.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"39079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2017.12.005","volume":"252","author":"B Demouveaux","year":"2018","unstructured":"Demouveaux, B., Gouyer, V., Gottrand, F., Narita, T. & Desseyn, J. 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