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Common childhood acute leukaemia is thought to be caused by two hits, the first<jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>and the second in childhood in response to infection. The mechanism for the initial DNA damaging event are unknown. Here we have used<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>models to show that a placental barrier will respond to agents that are suspected of initiating childhood leukaemia by releasing factors that cause DNA damage in cord blood and bone marrow cells, including stem cells. We show that DNA damage caused by<jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>exposure can reappear postnatally after an immune challenge. Furthermore, both foetal and postnatal DNA damage are prevented by prenatal exposure of the placenta to a mitochondrially-targeted antioxidant. We conclude that the placenta might contribute to the first hit towards leukaemia initiation by bystander-like signalling to foetal haematopoietic cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39552-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T11:02:46Z","timestamp":1552474966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["DNA damage signalling from the placenta to foetal blood as a potential mechanism for childhood leukaemia initiation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Els","family":"Mansell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahid","family":"Zareian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Malouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysa","family":"Kapeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4572-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Badie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6828-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Ottersbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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