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Beyond being involved in antibiotic extrusion in several bacteria, efflux pumps are emerging as relevant players in pathogen-host interactions. We have investigated on the possible role of the efflux pump network in\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the etiological agent of bacillary dysentery. We have found that\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    has retained 14 of the 20 pumps characterized in\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and that their expression is differentially modulated during the intracellular life of\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In particular, the\n                    <jats:italic>emrKY<\/jats:italic>\n                    operon, encoding an efflux pump of the Major Facilitator Superfamily, is specifically and highly induced in\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected U937 macrophage-like cells and is activated in response to a combination of high K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and acidic pH, which are sensed by the EvgS\/EvgA two-component system. Notably, we show that following\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, macrophage cytosol undergoes a mild reduction of intracellular pH, permitting EvgA to trigger the\n                    <jats:italic>emrKY<\/jats:italic>\n                    activation. Finally, we present data suggesting that EmrKY is required for the survival of\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the harsh macrophage environment, highlighting for the first time the key role of an efflux pump during the\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasive process.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39749-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T06:27:43Z","timestamp":1551248863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The MFS efflux pump EmrKY contributes to the survival of Shigella within macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Pasqua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Grossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Scinicariello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Aussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Barras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Colonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Prosseda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"39749_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.382-402.2006","volume":"19","author":"LJ Piddock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Piddock, L. 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