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The increase of insecticide resistance in wild populations of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> malaria vectors emphasises the need for novel vector control strategies as well as for identifying novel vector targets. Venus kinase receptors (VKRs) constitute a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) family only found in invertebrates. In this study we functionally characterized <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> VKR in the Gambiae complex member, <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>coluzzii<\/jats:italic>. Results showed that <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> VKR can be activated by L-amino acids, with L-arginine as the most potent agonist. VKR was not required for the fecundity of <jats:italic>A. coluzzii<\/jats:italic>, in contrast to reports from other insects, but VKR function is required in both <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> males and females for development of larval progeny. <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> VKR function is also required for protection against infection by <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> parasites, thus identifying a novel linkage between reproduction and immunity in <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>. The insect specificity of VKRs as well as the essential function for reproduction and immunity suggest that <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> VKR could be a potentially druggable target for novel vector control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40407-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T11:05:48Z","timestamp":1551783948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dual role of the Anopheles coluzzii Venus Kinase Receptor in both larval growth and immunity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nad\u00e8ge","family":"Gouignard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Floriane","family":"Cherrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Brito-Fravallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0467-1357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien","family":"Pain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia Marta","family":"Zmarlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Cailliau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Gen\u00e8ve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Vernick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colette","family":"Dissous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"40407_CR1","unstructured":"WHO Fact Sheet, Vector-borned disease, http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs387\/en\/ (2017)."},{"key":"40407_CR2","unstructured":"WHO Malaria Fact Sheet, http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs094\/en\/ (November 2018)."},{"key":"40407_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","volume":"526","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhatt, S. et al. 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