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The recent advances in cell therapies have raised the need for a potent off-the-shelf cell source. Intra-articular injections of TGF-\u03b2 transduced polydactyly chondrocytes have been proposed as a chronic osteoarthritis treatment but despite promising results, the use of gene therapy still raises safety concerns. In this study, we characterized infant, polydactyly chondrocytes during <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> expansion and chondrogenic re-differentiation. Polydactyly chondrocytes have a steady proliferative rate and re-differentiate in 3D pellet culture after up to five passages. Additionally, we demonstrated that polydactyly chondrocytes produce cartilage-like matrix in a hyaluronan-based hydrogel, namely transglutaminase cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA-TG). We utilized the versatility of TG cross-linking to augment the hydrogels with heparin moieties. The heparin chains allowed us to load the scaffolds with TGF-\u03b21, which induced cartilage-like matrix deposition both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in a subcutaneous mouse model. This strategy introduces the possibility to use infant, polydactyly chondrocytes for the clinical treatment of joint diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40575-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T11:03:52Z","timestamp":1552388632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Characterization of polydactyly chondrocytes and their use in cartilage engineering"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Cavalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Levinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Hertl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Broguiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Br\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satu","family":"Mustjoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Gerstenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian","family":"Salzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Steinwachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8522-9909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcy","family":"Zenobi-Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Supp 1","key":"40575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.S1.3","volume":"41","author":"JY Reginster","year":"2002","unstructured":"Reginster, J. 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