{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:04:35Z","timestamp":1788923075543,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>M\u00e9ni\u00e8re<\/jats:italic> disease (MD), an idiopathic disorder of sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo, shares many similarities with two common skin conditions, atopic dermatitis (AD) and vitiligo. Recent studies have suggested that MD may be related to or triggered by autoimmune conditions, notably Hashimoto thyroiditis and alopecia areata. These evidences led to the authors contemplating the possibility of immunological bridge between MD and the two skin conditions. The authors have tested this hypothesis with population-based cohort from the National Health Insurance Service Database of Korea. A cohort of 1.1 million patients was extracted from the database. Using <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests, prevalence of the two skin disorders in relation to MD status was analysed. In MD patients, the odds ratios for having concurrent AD and vitiligo were 0.717 (95% CI, 0.535\u20130.962, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026) and 2.149 (95% CI, 1.396\u20133.308, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), respectively. Females and older patients were more than twice likely to be affected by the two skin conditions. The relationship between vitiligo and MD was significant in younger subgroup only. Socio-economic subgroup analysis revealed the observed patterns are primarily a middle-upper class phenomenon. Uncertainty regarding temporal sequence of onset, and lack of detail on disease severity and subtype kept the study from more refined conclusion. In concluding, AD and vitiligo might be linked to MD through T<jats:sub><jats:italic>reg<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>-driven action of cellular immunity, but further big data-based investigations must follow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40658-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T11:02:46Z","timestamp":1552474966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Nationwide, Population-based Cohort Study on Potential Autoimmune Association of M\u00e9ni\u00e8re Disease to Atopy and Vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hyung Jin","family":"Hahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Gyu","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4917-0177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1230-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Yeup","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"40658_CR1","first-page":"597","volume":"16","author":"P M\u00e9ni\u00e8re","year":"1861","unstructured":"M\u00e9ni\u00e8re, P. M\u00e9moire sur des l\u00e9sions de l\u2019oreille interne donnant lieu \u00e0 des sympt\u00f4mes de congestion c\u00e9r\u00e9brale apoplexiforme. Gazette M\u00e9dicale de Paris. 16, 597\u2013601 (1861).","journal-title":"Gazette M\u00e9dicale de Paris."},{"issue":"7","key":"40658_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.01.014","volume":"17","author":"P Mancini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mancini, P. et al. Hearing loss in autoimmune disorders: Prevalence and therapeutic options. Autoimmun Rev. Jul 17(7), 644\u2013652 (2018).","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev. Jul"},{"key":"40658_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988809800308","volume":"98","author":"GB Hughes","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hughes, G. B. et al. Autoimmune endolymphatic hydrops: five-year review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 98, 221\u20135 (1988).","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"40658_CR4","first-page":"397","volume-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.","author":"LL Williams","year":"1987","unstructured":"Williams, L. L., Lowery, H. W. & Shannon, B. T. Evidence of persistent viral infection in Meniere\u2019s disease. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 113, 397\u2013400 (1987)."},{"key":"40658_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-793","volume":"37","author":"BS Oberman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oberman, B. S. et al. The aetiopathologies of M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease: a contemporary review. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 37, 250\u2013263 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica."},{"issue":"1","key":"40658_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200501000-00013","volume":"26","author":"SN Merchant","year":"2005","unstructured":"Merchant, S. N., Adams, J. C. & Nadol, J. B. Pathophysiology of Meniere\u2019s syndrome: are symptoms caused by endolymphatic hydrops. Otol Neurotol. 26(1), 74\u201381 (2005).","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"issue":"1","key":"40658_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0001-z","volume":"4","author":"S Weidinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weidinger, S. et al. Atopic Dermatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. Jun 21. 4(1), 1 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers. Jun 21."},{"key":"40658_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15011","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.11","volume":"1","author":"M Picardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Picardo, M. et al. Vitiligo. Nat Rev Dis Primers. Jun 4. 1, 15011 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers. Jun 4."},{"issue":"3","key":"40658_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2017.02.003","volume":"35","author":"K Abuabara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abuabara, K., Margolis, D. J. & Langan, S. M. The Long-Term Course of Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatol Clin. Jul 35(3), 291\u2013297 (2017).","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin. Jul"},{"key":"40658_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukushima M., et al. Longitudinal up-regulation of endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Meniere\u2019s disease during medical treatment. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. Oct 31.;2(6):344\u2013350.","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.115"},{"issue":"6","key":"40658_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq128","volume":"203","author":"M Ohshima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ohshima, M. et al. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B causes proliferation of sensory C-fibers and subsequent enhancement of neurogenic inflammation in rat skin. J Infect Dis. Mar 15; 203(6), 862\u20139 (2011).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis. Mar 15;"},{"issue":"6","key":"40658_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4452-8","volume":"274","author":"MA de Jong","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Jong, M. A., Adelman, C. & Gross, M. Hearing loss in vitiligo: current concepts and review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. Jun 274(6), 2367\u20132372 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. Jun"},{"issue":"7","key":"40658_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161635.RA","volume":"23","author":"G Chiarella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiarella, G. et al. Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Vestibular Dysfunction. Endocr Pract. Jul 23(7), 863\u2013868 (2017).","journal-title":"Endocr Pract. Jul"},{"key":"40658_CR14","first-page":"261","volume":"32","author":"E Altunta\u015f","year":"2010","unstructured":"Altunta\u015f, E. & Akyol, M. Meniere\u2019s disease triggered by alopecia areata. Cumhuriyet Med J. 32, 261\u2013263 (2010).","journal-title":"Cumhuriyet Med J."},{"key":"40658_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421596","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/421596","volume":"2012","author":"R Teggi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teggi, R. et al. Does M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease in the Elderly Present Some Peculiar Features? J Aging Res. 2012, 421596 (2012).","journal-title":"J Aging Res."},{"key":"40658_CR16","first-page":"837","volume":"40","author":"V Beickert","year":"1961","unstructured":"Beickert, V. Zur Frage der Empfindungen Schwerhorigkeitunter Autoallergie. Z Laryngol Rhinol Otol. 40, 837\u201342 (1961).","journal-title":"Z Laryngol Rhinol Otol."},{"issue":"8","key":"40658_CR17","first-page":"E269","volume":"125","author":"MN M\u00f8ller","year":"2015","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller, M. N. et al. Gene expression demonstrates an immunological capacity of the human endolymphatic sac. Laryngoscope. Aug 125(8), E269\u201375 (2015).","journal-title":"Aug"},{"issue":"3","key":"40658_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000195","volume":"35","author":"N Egami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Egami, N. et al. Type 1 allergy-induced endolymphatic hydrops and the suppressive effect of H1-receptor antagonist (olopatadine hydrochloride). Otol Neurotol. Mar 35(3), e104\u20139 (2014).","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol. Mar"},{"key":"40658_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894840930S503","volume":"113","author":"TJ Yoo","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yoo, T. J. Etiopathogenesis of M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease: a hypothesis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 113, 6\u201312 (1984).","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"40658_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12559","volume":"230","author":"MN M\u00f8ller","year":"2017","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller, M. N., Kirkeby, S. & Cay\u00e9-Thomasen, P. Innate immune defense in the inner ear - mucines are expressed by the human endolymphatic sac. J Anat Feb 230(2), 297\u2013302 (2017).","journal-title":"J Anat Feb"},{"key":"40658_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1986.03780050060010","volume":"112","author":"G Brookes","year":"1986","unstructured":"Brookes, G. Circulating immune complexes in M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 112, 536\u201340 (1986).","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"40658_CR22","first-page":"1284","volume":"73","author":"S Barbarot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbarot, S. et al. Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in adults: Results from an international survey. Allergy. Jun 73(6), 1284\u20131293 (2018).","journal-title":"Jun"},{"key":"40658_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakashima T. et al. Meniere\u2019s disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2, 16028 (2016 May 12).","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.29"},{"issue":"12","key":"40658_CR24","first-page":"1656","volume":"70","author":"LM Roesner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roesner, L. M. et al. Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells are expanded in severe atopic dermatitis patients. Allergy. Dec 70(12), 1656\u201360 (2015).","journal-title":"Dec"},{"key":"40658_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1159\/000323305","volume":"41","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agrawal, R., Wisniewski, J. A. & Woodfolk, J. A. The role of regulatory T cells in atopic dermatitis. Curr Probl Dermatol. 41, 112\u201324 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"40658_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04139.x","volume":"160","author":"H Okada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Okada, H. et al. The \u2018hygiene hypothesis\u2019 for autoimmune and allergic diseases: an update. Clin Exp Immunol. Apr 160(1), 1\u20139 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol. Apr"},{"key":"40658_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Suppl:74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.09.024","volume":"25","author":"JF Bach","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bach, J. F. Infections and autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun. 25, Suppl:74\u201380 (2005).","journal-title":"J Autoimmun."},{"issue":"1","key":"40658_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.002","volume":"14","author":"M Dwivedi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dwivedi, M. et al. Regulatory T cells in vitiligo: Implications for pathogenesis and therapeutics. Autoimmun Rev. Jan 14(1), 49\u201356 (2015).","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev. Jan"},{"key":"40658_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1592.2004.00335.x","volume":"53","author":"N Ohta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ohta, N. et al. Th1, Th2, Tc1 and Tc2 cells of patients with otolaryngological diseases. Allergol Int. 53, 199\u2013203 (2004).","journal-title":"Allergol Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"40658_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2013.2","volume":"10","author":"I Pedroza-Pacheco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pedroza-Pacheco, I., Madrigal, A. & Saudemont, A. Interaction between natural killer cells and regulatory T cells: perspectives for immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol. May 10(3), 222\u20139 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol. May"},{"issue":"2","key":"40658_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000355303","volume":"60","author":"A Jagger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jagger, A. et al. Regulatory T cells and the immune aging process: a mini-review. Gerontology. 60(2), 130\u20137 (2014).","journal-title":"Gerontology."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-40658-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-40658-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-40658-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T07:34:49Z","timestamp":1671262489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-40658-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["40658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-40658-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"4406"}}