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In this study, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, the effectiveness of molecular hydrogen (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) combined with TH was evaluated by means of neurological and histological assessments. Piglets were divided into three groups: hypoxic-ischaemic insult with normothermia (NT), insult with hypothermia (TH, 33.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2009\u00b0C), and insult with hypothermia with H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ventilation (TH-H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, 2.1\u20132.7%). H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ventilation and TH were administered for 24\u2009h. After ventilator weaning, neurological assessment was performed every 6\u2009h for 5 days. On day 5, the brains of the piglets were harvested for histopathological analysis. Regarding the neurological score, the piglets in the TH-H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group consistently had the highest score from day 2 to 5 and showed a significantly higher neurological score from day 3 compared with the NT group. Most piglets in the TH-H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group could walk at day 3 of recovery, whereas walking ability was delayed in the two other groups. The histological results revealed that TH-H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> tended to improve the status of cortical gray matter and subcortical white matter, with a considerable reduction in cell death. In this study, the combination of TH and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> improved short-term neurological outcomes in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic piglets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40674-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T11:03:05Z","timestamp":1552302185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Hydrogen ventilation combined with mild hypothermia improves short-term neurological outcomes in a 5-day neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia piglet model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yinmon","family":"Htun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Mitsuie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6788-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yamato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Jinnai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Koyano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Wakabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashiro","family":"Sugino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9913-6447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazumichi","family":"Fujioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonoko","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saneyuki","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Miki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kusaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"40674_CR1","unstructured":"Lawn, J., Shibuya, K. & Stein, C. 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