{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:52:11Z","timestamp":1787003531543,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1553878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1553878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1463301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1463301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1463301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1463301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>High-current impulse experiments were performed on volcanic ash samples to determine the magnetic effects that may result from the occurrence of volcanic lightning during explosive eruptions. Pseudo-ash was manufactured through milling and sieving of eruptive deposits with different bulk compositions and mineral contents. By comparing pre- and post-experimental samples, it was found that the saturation (i.e., maximum possible) magnetization increased, and coercivity (i.e., ability to withstand demagnetization) decreased. The increase in saturation magnetization was greater for compositionally evolved samples compared to more primitive samples subjected to equivalent currents. Changes in remanent (i.e., residual) magnetization do not correlate with composition, and show wide variability. Variations in magnetic properties were generally more significant when samples were subjected to higher peak currents as higher currents affect a greater proportion of the subjected sample. The electrons introduced by the current impulse cause reduction and devolatilization of the ash grains, changing their structural, mineralogical, and magnetic properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41265-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T14:46:13Z","timestamp":1553006773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Lightning on the Magnetic Properties of Volcanic Ash"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6031-2896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Genareau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang-Ki","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9088-7124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woncheol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minyeong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Rostaghi-Chalaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedram","family":"Gharghabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Gafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joni","family":"Kl\u00fcss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"41265_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1130\/G36255.1","volume":"43","author":"K Genareau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Genareau, K., Wardman, J. B., Wilson, T. M., McNutt, S. R. & Izbekov, P. Lightning-induced volcanic spherules. Geology 43, 319\u2013322 (2015).","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"41265_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15643-8","volume":"7","author":"K Genareau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Genareau, K., Gharghabi, P., Gafford, J. & Mazzola, M. The elusive evidence of volcanic lightning. Sci. Reports 7, 15508 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Reports"},{"key":"41265_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2016.03.024","volume":"444","author":"K Aizawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aizawa, K. et al. Physical properties of volcanic lightning: Constraints from magnetotelluric and video observations at Sakurajima volcano, Japan. Earth Plant. Sci. Lett. 444, 45\u201355 (2016).","journal-title":"Earth Plant. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"41265_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haney, M. M. et al. Volcanic thunder from explosive eruptions at Bogoslof volcano, Alaska. Geophys. Res. Lett. (2018).","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL076911"},{"key":"41265_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1126\/science.246.4929.457","volume":"246","author":"MA Uman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Uman, M. A. & Krider, E. P. Natural and artificially initiated lightning. Science 246, 457\u2013464 (1989).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"41265_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1126\/science.234.4773.189","volume":"234","author":"EJ Essene","year":"1986","unstructured":"Essene, E. J. & Fisher, D. C. Lightning strike fusion: extreme reduction and metal-silicate liquid immiscibility. Science 234, 189\u2013193 (1986).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"41265_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6847","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401565101","volume":"101","author":"M Anand","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anand, M. et al. Space weathering on airless planetary bodies: Clues from the lunar mineral hapkeite. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 6847\u20136851 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"41265_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jastp.2004.11.005","volume":"67","author":"BE Jones","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jones, B. E. et al. Oxide reduction during triggered-lightning fulgurite formation. J. Atmos. Solar-Terrestrial Phys. 67, 423\u2013428 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Solar-Terrestrial Phys."},{"key":"41265_CR9","unstructured":"Sheffer, A. A. & Melosh, H. J. Why moldavites are reduced. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 36 (2005)."},{"key":"41265_CR10","unstructured":"Sheffer, A. A., Dyar, M. D. & Sklute, E. C. Lightning strike glasses as an analog for impact glasses: 57Fe M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy of fulgurites. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 37 (2006)."},{"key":"41265_CR11","unstructured":"Sheffer, A. A. Chemical reduction of silicates by meteorite impacts and lightning strikes. (The University of Arizona, 2007)."},{"key":"41265_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo580","volume":"2","author":"M Pasek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pasek, M. & Block, K. Lightning-induced reduction of phosphorus oxidation state. Nature Geosci. 2, 553 (2009).","journal-title":"Nature Geosci."},{"key":"41265_CR13","unstructured":"Wasserman, A. A., Melosh, H. J. & Lauretta, D. S. Fulgurites: a look at transient high temperature processes in silicates. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 33 (2002)."},{"key":"41265_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(94)90052-3","volume":"122","author":"LR Rowan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rowan, L. R. & Ahrens, T. J. Observations of impact induced molten metal-silicate partitioning. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 122, 71\u201388 (1994).","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"41265_CR15","unstructured":"Wasserman, A. A. & Melosh, H. J. Chemical reduction of impact processed materials. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 32 (2001)."},{"key":"41265_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1933.0119","volume":"141","author":"AF Hallimond","year":"1933","unstructured":"Hallimond, A. F. Laboratory determinations of the magnetic properties of certain igneous rocks. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 141, 302\u2013314 (1933).","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"41265_CR17","unstructured":"Cox, A.V. Anomalous remanent magnetization of basalt. US Government Printing Office 1083 (1961)."},{"key":"41265_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1961.tb02963.x","volume":"6","author":"KWT Graham","year":"1961","unstructured":"Graham, K. W. T. The Re-magnetization of a Surface Outcrop by Lightning Currents. Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc. 6, 85\u2013102 (1961).","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"41265_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1139\/e84-094","volume":"21","author":"DJ Dunlop","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dunlop, D. J., Schutts, L. D. & Hale, C. J. Paleomagnetism of Archean rocks from northwestern Ontario: III. Rock magnetism of the Shelley Lake granite. Quetico Subprovince. Canad. J. Earth Sci. 21, 879\u2013886 (1984).","journal-title":"Quetico Subprovince. Canad. J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"41265_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6416(199806)123:4<41::AID-EEJ6>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"123","author":"H Sakai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sakai, H., Sunada, S. & Sakurano, H. Study of lightning current by remanent magnetization. Elect. Eng. Japan 123, 41 (1998).","journal-title":"Elect. Eng. Japan"},{"key":"41265_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verrier, V. & Rochette, P. Estimating peak currents at ground lightning impacts using remanent magnetization. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (2002).","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL015207"},{"key":"41265_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2113\/JEEG14.4.155","volume":"14","author":"LP Beard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beard, L. P., Norton, J. & Sheehan, J. R. Lightning-induced remanent magnetic anomalies in low-altitude aeromagnetic data. J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. 14, 155\u2013161 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng. Geophys."},{"key":"41265_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/arp.257","volume":"12","author":"G Jones","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jones, G. & Maki, D. L. Lightning\u2010induced magnetic anomalies on archaeological sites. Archaeolog. Prosp. 12, 191\u2013197 (2005).","journal-title":"Archaeolog. Prosp."},{"key":"41265_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/gea.20059","volume":"20","author":"D Maki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maki, D. Lightning strikes and prehistoric ovens: determining the source of magnetic anomalies using techniques of environmental magnetism. Geoarchaeology 20, 449\u2013459 (2005).","journal-title":"Geoarchaeology"},{"key":"41265_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.78.1","volume":"78","author":"H Sakai","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sakai, H. & Yonezawa, K. Remanent magnetization as a fossil of lightning current. Proc. Japan Acad. 78, 1\u20135 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Japan Acad."},{"key":"41265_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggt230","volume":"195","author":"J Salminen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salminen, J., Pesonen, L. J., Lahti, K. & Kannus, K. Lightning-induced remanent magnetization\u2014the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa. Geophys. J. Internat. 195, 117\u2013129 (2013).","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Internat."},{"key":"41265_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2015-5218","volume":"100","author":"R Gier\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gier\u00e9, R. et al. Lightning-induced shock lamellae in quartz. Amer. Mineral. 100, 1645\u20131648 (2015).","journal-title":"Amer. Mineral."},{"key":"41265_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8757","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL073843","volume":"44","author":"J Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, J., Elmi, C., Goldsby, D. & Gier\u00e9, R. Generation of shock lamellae and melting in rocks by lightning\u2010induced shock waves and electrical heating. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, 8757\u20138768 (2017).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"41265_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1002\/2013GL059182","volume":"41","author":"W Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song, W. et al. Fusion characteristics of volcanic ash relevant to aviation hazards. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41, 2326\u20132333 (2014).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"41265_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00445-010-0393-4","volume":"72","author":"SR McNutt","year":"2010","unstructured":"McNutt, S. R. & Williams, E. R. Volcanic lightning: global observations and constraints on source mechanisms. Bull. Volcanol. 72, 1153\u20131167 (2010).","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"41265_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16745","DOI":"10.1021\/la102461z","volume":"26","author":"RL Rebodos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rebodos, R. L. & Vikesland, P. J. Effects of oxidation on the magnetization of nanoparticulate magnetite. Langmuir 26, 16745\u201316753 (2010).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"41265_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10795","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10795","volume":"7","author":"W Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song, W. et al. Volcanic ash melting under conditions relevant to ash turbine interactions. Nature Comm. 7, 10795 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature Comm."},{"key":"41265_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(93)90163-4","volume":"118","author":"F Heider","year":"1993","unstructured":"Heider, F., Ko, U. & Bitschene, P. Volcanic ash particles as carriers of remanent magnetization in deep-sea sediments from the Kerguelen Plateau. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 118, 121\u2013134 (1993).","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"41265_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robertson, A.H. et al. Depositional setting, provenance, and tectonic-volcanic setting of Eocene\u2013Recent deep-sea sediments of the oceanic Izu\u2013Bonin forearc, northwest Pacific (IODP Expedition 352). Internat. Geol. Rev. 1\u201339 (2017).","DOI":"10.1080\/00206814.2017.1393634"},{"key":"41265_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2906754","volume":"115","author":"J Kim","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kim, J., Dunn, M. G., Baran, A. J., Wade, D. P. & Tremba, E. L. Deposition of volcanic materials on the hot sections of two gas turbine engines. J. Eng. Gas Turbines and Power 115, 641\u2013651 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Eng. Gas Turbines and Power"},{"key":"41265_CR36","first-page":"107","volume":"2047","author":"MG Dunn","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dunn, M. G. & Wade, D. P. Influence of volcanic ash cloud on gas turbine engines. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 2047, 107\u2013117 (1994).","journal-title":"U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull."},{"key":"41265_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2816987","volume":"118","author":"MG Dunn","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dunn, M. G., Baran, A. J. & Miatech, J. Operation of gas turbine engine in volcanic ash clouds. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 118, 724\u2013731 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power"},{"key":"41265_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2010.04166.x","volume":"94","author":"P Mechnich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mechnich, P., Braue, W. & Schulz, U. High-temperature corrosion of EB-PVD yttria partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings with an artificial volcanic ash overlay. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94, 925\u2013931 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"41265_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201200357","volume":"15","author":"M Shinozaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shinozaki, M., Roberts, K. A., van de Goor, B. & Clyne, T. W. Deposition of ingested volcanic ash on surfaces in the turbine of a small jet engine. Adv. Eng. Mat. 15, 986\u2013994 (2013).","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mat."},{"key":"41265_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2004.07.004","volume":"12","author":"TJ Carter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carter, T. J. Common failures in gas turbine blades. Eng. Fail. Anal. 12, 237\u2013247 (2005).","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"41265_CR41","first-page":"91","volume":"186","author":"AJ Prata","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prata, A. J. & Tupper, A. Aviation hazards from volcanoes: the state of the science. Nat. Hazards 186, 91\u2013107 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"41265_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201004783","volume":"23","author":"JM Drexler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drexler, J. M. et al. Jet engine coatings for resisting volcanic ash damage. Adv. Mater. 23, 2419\u20132424 (2011).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"41265_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2013.07.029","volume":"235","author":"U Schulz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schulz, U. & Braue, W. Degradation of La2Zr2O7 and other novel EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings by CMAS (CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2) and volcanic ash deposits. Surf. Coat. Tech. 235, 165\u2013173 (2013).","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Tech."},{"key":"41265_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2006.11.003","volume":"161","author":"GA Valentine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Valentine, G. A., Krier, D. J., Perry, F. V. & Heiken, G. Eruptive and geomorphic processes at the Lathrop Wells scoria cone volcano. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 161, 57\u201380 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"41265_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00445-010-0345-z","volume":"72","author":"K Genareau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Genareau, K., Valentine, G. A., Moore, G. & Hervig, R. L. Mechanisms for transition in eruptive style at a monogenetic scoria cone revealed by microtextural analyses (Lathrop Wells volcano, Nevada, USA). Bull. Volcanol. 72, 593\u2013607 (2010).","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"41265_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00445-011-0555-z","volume":"74","author":"N Pardo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pardo, N., Cronin, S. J., Palmer, A. S. & N\u00e9meth, K. Reconstructing the largest explosive eruptions of Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand: lithostratigraphic tools to understand subplinian\u2013plinian eruptions at andesitic volcanoes. Bull. Volcanol. 74, 617\u2013640 (2012).","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"issue":"16","key":"41265_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6614","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL064885","volume":"42","author":"C Caudron","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caudron, C., Taisne, B., Garc\u00e9s, M., Alexis, L. P. & Mialle, P. On the use of remote infrasound and seismic stations to constrain the eruptive sequence and intensity for the 2014 Kelud eruption. Geophysical Research Letters 42(16), 6614\u20136621 (2015).","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"41265_CR48","unstructured":"Maeno, F. et al. A sequence of a plinian eruption preceded by dome destruction at Kelud volcano, Indonesia, on February 13, 2014, revealed from tephra fallout and pyroclastic density current deposits. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res (2017)."},{"key":"41265_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1144\/M39.7","volume":"39","author":"AJ Stinton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stinton, A. J., Cole, P. D., Stewart, R. C., Odbert, H. M. & Smith, P. The 11 February 2010 partial dome collapse at Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat. Geol. Soc. London Mem. 39, 133\u2013152 (2014).","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. London Mem."},{"key":"41265_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2015.11.021","volume":"310","author":"MJ Zimmerer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zimmerer, M. J., Lafferty, J. & Coble, M. A. The eruptive and magmatic history of the youngest pulse of volcanism at the Valles caldera: Implications for successfully dating late Quaternary eruptions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 310, 50\u201357 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-41265-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-41265-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-41265-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T18:45:17Z","timestamp":1721069117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-41265-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["41265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-41265-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"4726"}}