{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:48:22Z","timestamp":1791920902902,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81570203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81570203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To improve outcomes and risk assessment, we systematically analyzed the clinical features of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma (ARL) and identified survival-associated factors. Data were collected from 100 patients diagnosed with ARL at the Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital in China. The progression-free survival (PFS) duration and 2-year overall survival (OS) rate were determined. A multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the associations between survival and the following variables: sex, age, histological subtype, Ann Arbor stage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, primary site, baseline CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> count, use of chemotherapy, and age-adjusted international prognostic index IPI (aaIPI). The timing of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) relative to chemotherapy was also assessed. The PFS duration and 2-year OS rate were significantly higher in the chemotherapy vs. the non-chemotherapy group (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but did not differ significantly between patients who received chemotherapy before vs. simultaneously as cART (P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Age, aaIPI, chemotherapy, LDH level, and the Burkitt\/Burkitt-like lymphoma subtype were significant prognostic factors for 2-year OS; the other factors were not associated with prognosis. Our results show that cART plus chemotherapy significantly improves the survival of patients with ARL and identifies several prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41869-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T11:03:19Z","timestamp":1553857399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The clinical features and prognosis of 100 AIDS-related lymphoma cases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Dedong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2876-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jijing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingzhu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"41869_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000163","volume":"28","author":"HA Robbins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robbins, H. A. et al. Epidemiologic contributions to recent cancer trends among HIV-infected people in the United States. AIDS 28, 881\u201390 (2014).","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"41869_CR2","first-page":"468","volume":"64","author":"MS Shiels","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shiels, M. S. et al. North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (leDEA). HIV infection, immunosuppression and age at diagnosis of non-AIDS-defining cancers. Clin Infect Dis 64, 468\u201375 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"41869_CR3","first-page":"1289","volume":"25","author":"N Howlader","year":"2016","unstructured":"Howlader, N. et al. Contributions of HIV to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Mortality Trends in the US.[J]. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive. Oncology 25(9), 1289\u20131296 (2016).","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"41869_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13221","volume":"168","author":"P Schommers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schommers, P. et al. Survival of AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and plasmablastic lymphoma in the German HIV Lymphoma Cohort. Br J Haematol 168, 806\u2013810 (2015).","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"41869_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2014.08.003","volume":"8","author":"RN Cobucci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cobucci, R. N. et al. Assessing the impact of HAART on the incidence of defining and non-defining AIDS cancers among patients with HIV\/AIDS: a systematic review [J]. J Infect Public Health 8(1), 1\u201310 (2015).","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"41869_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2016.05.002","volume":"53","author":"V Bachanova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bachanova, V. & Connors, J. M. Hodgkin lymphoma in the elderly, pregnant, and HIV-infected. Semin Hematol 53, 203\u20138 (2016).","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"41869_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0240","volume":"166","author":"Q Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. Hepatitis Coinfection and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma project team for the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) in Euro Coord. Chronic Hepatitis B and C virus infection and risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV-infected patients: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 166, 9\u201317 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"41869_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000428","volume":"28","author":"TM Gibson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gibson, T. M., Morton, L. M., Shiels, M. S., Clarke, C. A. & Engels, E. A. Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes in HIV-infected people during the HAART era: a population-based study. AIDS 28(15), 2313\u20138 (2014).","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"41869_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.31","volume":"11","author":"A Carbone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carbone, A. et al. Diagnosis and management of lymphomas and other cancers in HIV-infected patients. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 11(4), 223\u2013238 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"41869_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000133","volume":"28","author":"R Coutinho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coutinho, R. et al. HIV status does not impair the outcome of patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP in the cART era. AIDS 28(5), 689\u201397 (2014).","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"41869_CR11","first-page":"148","volume":"35","author":"E Dotan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dotan, E., Aggarwal, C. & Smith, M. R. Impact of rituximab (Rituxan) on the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. P&T 35(3), 148\u2013157 (2010).","journal-title":"P&T"},{"issue":"12","key":"41869_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70455-3","volume":"15","author":"NH Fowler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fowler, N. H. et al. Safety and activity of lenalidomide and rituximab in untreated indolent lymphoma: an open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 15(12), 1311\u20131318 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"33","key":"41869_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8477","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.02.9355","volume":"23","author":"ST Lim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lim, S. T. et al. Prognostic factors in HIV-related diffuse large-cell lymphoma: before versus after highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Oncol 23(33), 8477\u20138482 (2005).","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"41869_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3601","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.11.3601","volume":"16","author":"DJ Straus","year":"1998","unstructured":"Straus, D. J. et al. Prognostic factors in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: analysis of AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 142\u2014low-dose versus standard-dose m-BACOD plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. J Clin Oncol 16(11), 3601\u20133606 (1998).","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"41869_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-10-567479","volume":"125","author":"JJ Castillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castillo, J. J. & Bibas, M. Miranda rN. The biology and treatment of plasmablastic lymphoma. Blood 125, 2323\u201330 (2015).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"29","key":"41869_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4827","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i29.4827","volume":"19","author":"S Tanaka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tanaka, S. et al. Endoscopic appearance of AIDS-related gastrointestinal lymphoma with c-MYC rearrangements: Case report and literature review[J]. World Journal of Gastroenterology 19(29), 4827\u20134831 (2013).","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"29","key":"41869_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11970","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302090110","volume":"110","author":"F Marras","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marras, F. et al. Natural killer cells in HIV controller patients express an activated effector phenotype and do not up-regulate NKp44 on IL-2 stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(29), 11970\u201311975 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"19","key":"41869_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.11.973","volume":"23","author":"ST Lim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lim, S. T. et al. AIDS-related Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma versus diffuse large-cell lymphoma in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HAART eras: significant differences in survival with standard chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 23(19), 4430\u20134438 (2005).","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"41869_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31802bb5d0","volume":"44","author":"P Miralles","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miralles, P. et al. Prognosis of AIDS-related systemic nonHodgkin lymphoma treated with chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy depends exclusively on tumor-related factors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 44(2), 167\u2013173 (2007).","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"41869_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30052","volume":"122","author":"G Suneja","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suneja, G. et al. Disparities in cancer treatment among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Cancer 122, 2399\u2013407 (2016).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"41869_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv036","volume":"26","author":"SK Barta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barta, S. K. et al. Changes in the influence of lymphoma- and HIV-specific factors on outcomes in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 26, 958\u201366 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"41869_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21254","volume":"65","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D. & Jemal, A. Cancer statistics, 2015 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin 65(1), 5\u201329 (2015).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"41869_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.124","volume":"106","author":"T Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu, T. & Gao, Y. \u03b2-elemene against Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma via activation of PUMA mediated apoptotic pathway. Biomed. Pharmacother 106, 1557\u20131562 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"41869_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02086-4","volume":"7","author":"X Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang, X. et al. Efficacy and tolerability of chemotherapy in Chinese patients with AIDS-related Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: An observational study[J]. Sci Rep 7(1), 1905 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"41869_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2017.1403597","volume":"59","author":"C Tan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tan, C. et al. Combination antiretroviral therapy accelerates immune recovery in patients with HIV-related lymphoma treated with EPOCH: a comparison within one prospective trial AMC034[J]. Leukemia & Lymphoma 59(8), 1851\u20131860 (2018).","journal-title":"Leukemia & Lymphoma"},{"issue":"6","key":"41869_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.326.10172","volume":"32","author":"S Zuo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zuo, S. et al. Clinical Analysis of Five Cases of AIDS-related Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma:[J]. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 32(6), 1574\u20131579 (2016).","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"41869_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s2","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12426","volume":"17","author":"D Churchill","year":"2016","unstructured":"Churchill, D. et al. British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2015. HIV Med 17(Suppl 4), s2\u2013s104 (2016).","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"41869_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-012-1518-y","volume":"91","author":"DT Zhong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhong, D. T. et al. Study on effectiveness of gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP) for relapsed or refractory AIDS-related non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma[J]. Annals of Hematology 91(11), 1757\u20131763 (2012).","journal-title":"Annals of Hematology"},{"issue":"11","key":"41869_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.111112","volume":"99","author":"SK Barta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barta, S. K. et al. A new prognostic score for AIDS-related lymphomas in the rituximabera. Haematologica 99(11), 1731\u20131737 (2014).","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"9","key":"41869_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506816","volume":"373","author":"JD Lundgren","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lundgren, J. D. et al. INSIGHT START Study Group: Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection. N Engl J Med 373(9), 795\u2013807 (2015).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"41869_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957414521868","volume":"13","author":"RR Hallit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hallit, R. R. et al. AIDS-related lymphoma: resolution with antiretroviral therapy alone.[J]. Journal of the International Association of Providers of Aids Care 13(4), 313\u2013315 (2014).","journal-title":"Journal of the International Association of Providers of Aids Care"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-41869-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-41869-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-41869-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T08:15:40Z","timestamp":1671264940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-41869-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["41869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-41869-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"5381"}}