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A possible source of lymphatic dysfunction is the reduced mechanosensitivity of lymphangions, the spontaneously contracting units of the lymphatic system. In this study, the entrainment of lymphangions to\u00a0an oscillatory wall shear stress (OWSS) is characterized in rat thoracic ducts in relation to their shear sensitivity. The critical shear stress above which the thoracic ducts show a\u00a0substantial inhibition of contraction was found to be significantly negatively correlated to the diameter of the lymphangion. The entrainment of the lymphangion to an applied OWSS was found to be significantly dependent on the difference between the applied frequency and\u00a0the intrinsic frequency of contraction of the lymphangion. The strength of\u00a0the entrainment was also positively correlated to the applied shear stress when the applied shear was less than the critical shear stress\u00a0of the vessel.\u00a0The ejection fraction and fractional pump flow were also affected by the difference between the frequency of the applied OWSS and the vessel's intrinsic contraction frequency. The results suggest an adaptation of the lymphangion contractility to the existing oscillatory shear stress as a function of its intrinsic contractility and shear sensitivity. These adaptations might be crucial to ensure synchronized contraction of lymphangions through mechanosensitive means and might help explain the lymphatic dysfunctions that result from impaired mechanosensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42142-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T10:03:51Z","timestamp":1554804231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Entrainment of Lymphatic Contraction to Oscillatory Flow"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anish","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0557-3409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Hooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanna","family":"Nepiyushchikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0351-4587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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