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Key to pathogenesis is the ability of fungal spores to swell, germinate, and penetrate surrounding tissues. Antibiotic treatment in at-risk patients increases the probability of the patient developing mucormycosis, suggesting that bacteria have the potential to control the growth of the fungus. However, research into polymicrobial relationships involving\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizopus spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    has not been extensively explored. Here we show that co-culturing\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizopus microsporus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    results in the inhibition of spore germination. This inhibition was mediated via the secretion of bacterial siderophores, which induced iron stress on the fungus. Addition of\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    siderophores to\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>microsporus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores in the zebrafish larval model of infection resulted in inhibition of fungal germination and reduced host mortality. Therefore, during infection antibacterial treatment may relieve bacterial imposed nutrient restriction resulting in secondary fungal infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42175-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T06:02:56Z","timestamp":1554444176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibits Rhizopus microsporus germination through sequestration of free environmental iron"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Courtney","family":"Kousser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Callum","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Sherrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Voelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4908-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"42175_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00036-09","volume":"47","author":"E Alvarez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alvarez, E. et al. 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