{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T22:09:24Z","timestamp":1776550164842,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222641018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222641018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222641018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222641018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>When making decisions, humans can maximize the positive outcome of their actions by choosing the option associated with the highest reward. We have recently shown that choices modulate effects of reward via a bias in spatial attention: Locations associated with a lower reward are anticipatorily suppressed, as indicated by delayed responses to low-reward targets and increased parieto-occipital alpha power. Here, we investigated whether this inhibition also occurs when reward is not coupled to location but to a nonspatial feature (color). We analyzed reaction times to single targets associated with a low or high reward as a function of whether a second trial type, choice-trials, were interleaved. In choice-trials, participants could choose either one of two targets to obtain the associated reward. Indeed, responses to low-reward targets were slower when choice-trials were present, magnifying the influence of reward, and this delay was more pronounced in trials immediately following a choice. No corresponding changes in parieto-occipital alpha power were observed, but the behavioral findings suggest that choices modulate a reward-related bias in feature-based attention in a similar manner as for spatial attention, and support the idea that reward primarily affects behaviour when it is of immediate relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42255-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T10:04:10Z","timestamp":1554717850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The possibility to make choices modulates feature-based effects of reward"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3088-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Heuer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7742-8123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Sch\u00fctz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Schub\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"42255_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12957","volume":"1369","author":"BA Anderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anderson, B. A. The attention habit: How reward learning shapes attentional selection. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1369, 24\u201339 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"42255_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-017-1380-y","volume":"25","author":"M Failing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Failing, M. & Theeuwes, J. Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 25, 514\u2013538 (2017).","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"42255_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01080","volume":"6","author":"S Dunne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dunne, S., Ellison, A. & Smith, D. T. Rewards modulate saccade latency but not exogenous spatial attention. Front. Psychol. 6, 1\u20139 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"42255_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000037","volume":"144","author":"ME Le Pelley.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le Pelley, M. E., Pearson, D., Griffiths, O. & Beesley, T. When goals conflict with values: Counterproductive attentional and oculomotor capture by reward-related stimuli predictiveness-driven attentional capture. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 144, 158\u2013171 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"42255_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7547","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115638109","volume":"109","author":"AC Sch\u00fctz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctz, A. C., Tommersh\u00e4user, J. & Gegenfurtner, K. R. Dynamic integration of information about salience and value for smooth pursuit eye movements. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, 7547\u20137552 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"42255_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035131","volume":"40","author":"M Gong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gong, M. & Li, S. Learned reward association improves visual working memory. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept. Perform. 40, 841\u2013856 (2014).","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept. Perform."},{"key":"42255_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/18.5.14","volume":"18","author":"A Heuer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heuer, A. & Schub\u00f6, A. Separate and combined effects of action relevance and motivational value on visual working memor. J. Vis. 18, 14 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"42255_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08608-4","volume":"7","author":"PC Klink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klink, P. C., Jeurissen, D., Theeuwes, J., Denys, D. & Roelfsema, P. R. Working memory accuracy for multiple targets is driven by reward expectation and stimulus contrast with different time-courses. Sci. Rep. 7, 9082 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"42255_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/13506285.2014.976604","volume":"23","author":"CS Chapman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chapman, C. S., Gallivan, J. P. & Enns, J. T. Separating value from selection frequency in rapid reaching biases to visual targets. Vis Cognit. 23, 249\u2013271 (2015).","journal-title":"Vis Cognit."},{"key":"42255_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.06.029","volume":"25","author":"J Moher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moher, J., Anderson, B. A. & Song, J.-H. Dissociable effects of salience on attention and goal-directed action. Curr. Biol. 25, 2040\u20132046 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"42255_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17164-w","volume":"7","author":"C Wolf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wolf, C., Heuer, A., Schub\u00f6, A. & Sch\u00fctz, A. C. The necessity to choose causes effects of reward on saccade preparation. Sci. Rep. 7, 16966 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"42255_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14742-w","volume":"7","author":"A Heuer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heuer, A., Wolf, C., Sch\u00fctz, A. C. & Schub\u00f6, A. The necessity to choose causes reward-related anticipatory biasing: Parieto-occipital alpha-band oscillations reveal suppression of low-value targets. Sci. Rep. 7, 14318 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"42255_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3844","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01234.2005","volume":"95","author":"SP Kelly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kelly, S. P., Lalor, E. C., Reilly, R. B. & Foxe, J. J. Increases in alpha oscillatory power reflect an active retinotopic mechanism for distracter suppression during sustained visuospatial attention. J. Neurophysiol. 95, 3844\u20133851 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"42255_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.10.007","volume":"16","author":"W Klimesch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klimesch, W. Alpha-band oscillations, attention, and controlled access to stored information. Trends Cogn. Sci. 16, 606\u2013617 (2012).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"42255_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.022","volume":"44","author":"TA Rihs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rihs, T. A., Michel, C. M. & Thut, G. A bias for posterior alpha-band power suppression versus enhancement during shifting versus maintenance of spatial attention. Neuroimage 44, 190\u2013199 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"42255_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04482.x","volume":"22","author":"P Sauseng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sauseng, P. et al. A shift of visual spatial attention is selectively associated with human EEG alpha activity. Eur. J. Neurosci. 22, 2917\u20132926 (2005).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9494","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0875-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"G Thut","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thut, G., Nietzel, A., Brandt, S. A. & Pascual-Leone, A. Alpha-band electroencephalographic activity over occipital cortex indexes visuospatial attention bias and predicts visual target detection. J. Neurosci. 26, 9494\u20139502 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RC63","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-06-j0002.2000","volume":"20","author":"MS Worden","year":"2000","unstructured":"Worden, M. S., Foxe, J. J., Wang, N. & Simpson, G. V. Anticipatory biasing of visuospatial attention indexed by retinotopically specific alpha-band electroencephalography increases over occipital cortex. J. Neurosci. 20, RC63 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.006","volume":"25","author":"N Yamagishi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yamagishi, N., Goda, N., Callan, D. E., Anderson, S. J. & Kawato, M. Attentional shifts towards an expected visual target alter the level of alpha-band oscillatory activity in the human calcarine cortex. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 25, 799\u2013809 (2005).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res."},{"key":"42255_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00154","volume":"2","author":"JJ Foxe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Foxe, J. J. & Snyder, A. C. The role of alpha-band brain oscillations as a sensory suppression mechanism during selective attention. Front. Psychol. 2, 154 (2011).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"42255_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1432-16.2016","volume":"37","author":"L Iemi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iemi, L., Chaumon, M., Crouzet, S. M. & Busch, N. A. Spontaneous neural oscillations bias perception by modulating baseline excitability. J. Neurosci. 37, 807\u2013819 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.04.012","volume":"51","author":"M Carrasco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carrasco, M. Visual attention: The past 25 years. Vision Res. 51, 1484\u20131525 (2011).","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"42255_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.04.001","volume":"29","author":"JHR Maunsell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maunsell, J. H. R. & Treue, S. Feature-based attention in visual cortex. Trends Neurosci. 29, 317\u2013322 (2006).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.04.029","volume":"70","author":"MR Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cohen, M. R. & Maunsell, J. H. R. Using neuronal populations to study the mechanisms underlying spatial and feature attention. Neuron 70, 1192\u20131204 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"42255_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.04.003","volume":"49","author":"DR Patzwahl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patzwahl, D. R. & Treue, S. Combining spatial and feature-based attention within the receptive field of MT neurons. Vision Res. 49, 1188\u20131193 (2009).","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"42255_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00162-9","volume":"19","author":"B Giesbrecht","year":"2003","unstructured":"Giesbrecht, B., Woldorff, M. G., Song, A. W. & Mangun, G. R. Neural mechanisms of top-down control during spatial and feature attention. Neuroimage 19, 496\u2013512 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"42255_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14330","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4248-09.2010","volume":"30","author":"AS Greenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Greenberg, A. S., Esterman, M., Wilson, D., Serences, J. T. & Yantis, S. Control of spatial and feature-based attention in frontoparietal cortex. J. Neurosci. 30, 14330\u201314339 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.07.097","volume":"1177","author":"HA Slagter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Slagter, H. A. et al. fMRI evidence for both generalized and specialized components of attentional control. Brain Res. 1177, 90\u2013102 (2007).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"42255_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21328","volume":"23","author":"SK Andersen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andersen, S. K., Fuchs, S. & M\u00fcller, M. M. Effects of feature-selective and spatial attention at different stages of visual processing. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 23, 238\u2013246 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-015-0584-5","volume":"44","author":"A Heuer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heuer, A. & Schub\u00f6, A. Feature-based and spatial attentional selection in visual working memory. Mem. Cogn. 44, 621\u2013632 (2016).","journal-title":"Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"42255_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.09.017","volume":"47","author":"T Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu, T., Stevens, S. T. & Carrasco, M. Comparing the time course and efficacy of spatial and feature-based attention. Vision Res. 47, 108\u2013113 (2007).","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"42255_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/15.14.7","volume":"15","author":"AL White","year":"2015","unstructured":"White, A. L., Rolfs, M. & Carrasco, M. Stimulus competition mediates the joint effects of spatial and feature-based attention. J. Vis. 15, 7 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"42255_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00415","volume":"10","author":"A Heuer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heuer, A., Schub\u00f6, A. & Crawford, J. D. Different cortical mechanisms for spatial vs. feature-based attentional selection in visual working memory. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 10, 415 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11106","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3591-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"B Schenkluhn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schenkluhn, B., Ruff, C. C., Heinen, K. & Chambers, C. D. Parietal stimulation decouples spatial and feature-based attention. J. Neurosci. 28, 11106\u201311110 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1094-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"FP de Lange","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Lange, F. P., Rahnev, D. A., Donner, T. H. & Lau, H. Prestimulus oscillatory activity over motor cortex reflects perceptual expectations. J. Neurosci. 33, 1400\u20131410 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4024","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5684-09.2010","volume":"30","author":"AC Snyder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Snyder, A. C. & Foxe, J. J. Anticipatory attentional suppression of visual features indexed by oscillatory alpha-band power increases: A high-density electrical mapping study. J. Neurosci. 30, 4024\u20134032 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00856.2016","volume":"117","author":"T Wildegger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wildegger, T., van Ede, F., Woolrich, M., Gillebert, C. R. & Nobre, A. C. Preparatory alpha-band oscillations reflect spatial gating independently of predictions regarding target identity. J. Neurophysiol. 117, 1385\u20131394 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"42255_CR38","first-page":"262","volume":"7","author":"BA Anderson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anderson, B. A., Laurent, P. A. & Yantis, S. Reward predictions bias attentional selection. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 262 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11096","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1026-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"C Hickey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hickey, C., Chelazzi, L. & Theeuwes, J. Reward changes salience in human vision via the anterior cingulate. J. Neurosci. 30, 11096\u201311103 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"42255_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02281.x","volume":"20","author":"M Kiss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kiss, M., Driver, J. & Eimer, M. Reward priority of visual target singletons modulates ERP signatures of attentional selection. Psychol. Sci. 20, 245\u2013251 (2009).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"42255_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156869","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","volume":"2011","author":"R Oostenveld","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oostenveld, R., Fries, P., Maris, E. & Schoffelen, J. M. FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data. Comput. Intell. Neurosci. 2011, 156869 (2011).","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-42255-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-42255-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-42255-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T08:34:57Z","timestamp":1671266097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-42255-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["42255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-42255-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"5749"}}