{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T09:01:55Z","timestamp":1776243715427,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since mechanical testing of bone quality is often delayed following euthanasia, the method of bone storage is of high importance in animal studies. Different storage methods may cause a change in the properties of bone tissue during mechanical testing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical effects of two different fixation methods for bone tissue. We hypothesized that there is a difference between the load to failure values between the two groups. The tibias of fifteen 18-week-old female C57BL\/6 mice were harvested and randomly allocated to three different groups with varying storage methods: (1) frozen at \u221280\u2009\u00b0C, (2) paraformaldehyde working solution, and (3) native group. A storage time of two weeks prior to testing was chosen for groups 1 and 2. In group 3, referred to as the \u201cnative group\u201d, bones were immediately tested after the harvesting procedure. The comparison of the mean load to failure of all 3 groups (group 1: 28.7 N \u00b1 6.4 N, group 2: 23.7 N \u00b1 6.0 N and group 3: 24.0 N \u00b1 3.9 N) did not reveal a significant difference. There was also no difference in strength or stiffness. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the two most common storage methods, do not have an influence on the biomechanical properties of murine bone over a two week period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42476-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T10:15:44Z","timestamp":1554977744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of two (short-term) storage methods on load to failure testing of murine bone tissue"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-8341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Tiefenboeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Payr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Bajenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha","family":"Komjati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1900-3303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kambiz","family":"Sarahrudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"42476_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2539","volume":"30","author":"KJ Jepsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jepsen, K. J., Silva, M. J., Vashishth, D., Guo, X. E. & van der Meulen, M. C. Establishing biomechanical mechanisms in mouse models: practical guidelines for systematically evaluating phenotypic changes in the diaphyses of long bones. Journal of bone and mineral research: the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 30, 951\u2013966, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.2539 (2015).","journal-title":"Journal of bone and mineral research: the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"42476_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-9997-1","volume":"97","author":"DP Fyhrie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fyhrie, D. P. & Christiansen, B. A. Bone Material Properties and Skeletal Fragility. Calcified tissue international 97, 213\u2013228, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-015-9997-1 (2015).","journal-title":"Calcified tissue international"},{"key":"42476_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.09.037","volume":"42","author":"A Nazarian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nazarian, A., Hermannsson, B. J., Muller, J., Zurakowski, D. & Snyder, B. D. Effects of tissue preservation on murine bone mechanical properties. Journal of biomechanics 42, 82\u201386, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.09.037 (2009).","journal-title":"Journal of biomechanics"},{"key":"42476_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.12.2159","volume":"14","author":"MD Brodt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brodt, M. D., Ellis, C. B. & Silva, M. J. Growing C57Bl\/6 mice increase whole bone mechanical properties by increasing geometric and material properties. Journal of bone and mineral research: the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 14, 2159\u20132166, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.12.2159 (1999).","journal-title":"Journal of bone and mineral research: the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"42476_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0130504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130504","volume":"10","author":"AG Berman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berman, A. G., Clauser, C. A., Wunderlin, C., Hammond, M. A. & Wallace, J. M. Structural and Mechanical Improvements to Bone Are Strain Dependent with Axial Compression of the Tibia in Female C57BL\/6 Mice. PloS one 10, e0130504, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0130504 (2015).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"42476_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.10.012","volume":"71","author":"BP Sinder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sinder, B. P. et al. Rapidly growing Brtl\/+ mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta improves bone mass and strength with sclerostin antibody treatment. Bone 71, 115\u2013123, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2014.10.012 (2015).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"42476_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90072-M","volume":"26","author":"F Linde","year":"1993","unstructured":"Linde, F. & Sorensen, H. C. The effect of different storage methods on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. Journal of biomechanics 26, 1249\u20131252 (1993).","journal-title":"Journal of biomechanics"},{"key":"42476_CR8","first-page":"253","volume":"16","author":"H Beaupied","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beaupied, H. et al. The mode of bone conservation does not affect the architecture and the tensile properties of rat femurs. Bio-medical materials and engineering 16, 253\u2013259 (2006).","journal-title":"Bio-medical materials and engineering"},{"key":"42476_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.09.008","volume":"29","author":"N Hammer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hammer, N. et al. Ethanol and formaldehyde fixation irreversibly alter bones\u2019 organic matrix. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 29, 252\u2013258, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.09.008 (2014).","journal-title":"Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials"},{"key":"42476_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.08.009","volume":"51","author":"K Morita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morita, K. et al. Influence of formalin fixation on the implant stability quotient and mechanical characteristics of bone. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 51, 550\u2013554, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.08.009 (2013).","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"42476_CR11","first-page":"1133","volume":"33","author":"P Cheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheng, P. et al. Effects of Different Preservation Methods on Mechanical Properties of Mouse Femur. Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi\u2009=\u2009Journal of biomedical engineering\u2009=\u2009Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi 33, 1133\u20131138 (2016).","journal-title":"Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi\u2009=\u2009Journal of biomedical engineering\u2009=\u2009Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi"},{"key":"42476_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010163800026","volume":"1","author":"M Salai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Salai, M., Brosh, T., Keller, N., Perelman, M. & Dudkiewitz, I. The effects of prolonged cryopreservation on the biomechanical properties of bone allografts: a microbiological, histological and mechanical study. Cell Tissue Bank 1, 69\u201373, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1010163800026 (2000).","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"key":"42476_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00269102","volume":"99","author":"JD Frank","year":"1993","unstructured":"Frank, J. D., Balena, R., Masarachia, P., Seedor, J. G. & Cartwright, M. E. The effects of three different demineralization agents on osteopontin localization in adult rat bone using immunohistochemistry. Histochemistry 99, 295\u2013301 (1993).","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"42476_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1116\/1.4915263","volume":"10","author":"K Schaepe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schaepe, K. et al. Assessment of different sample preparation routes for mass spectrometric monitoring and imaging of lipids in bone cells via ToF-SIMS. Biointerphases 10, 019016, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1116\/1.4915263 (2015).","journal-title":"Biointerphases"},{"key":"42476_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7558-7_22","volume":"1723","author":"X Xin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xin, X. et al. Laser-Capture Microdissection and RNA Extraction from Perfusion-Fixed Cartilage and Bone Tissue from Mice Implanted with Human iPSC-Derived MSCs in a Calvarial Defect Model. Methods Mol Biol 1723, 385\u2013396, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-7558-7_22 (2018).","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"42476_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.07.007","volume":"23","author":"C Ohman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ohman, C., Dall\u2019Ara, E., Baleani, M., Van Sint Jan, S. & Viceconti, M. The effects of embalming using a 4% formalin solution on the compressive mechanical properties of human cortical bone. Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) 23, 1294\u20131298, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.07.007 (2008).","journal-title":"Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"42476_CR17","first-page":"137","volume":"17","author":"J Wieding","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wieding, J., Mick, E., Wree, A. & Bader, R. Influence of three different preservative techniques on the mechanical properties of the ovine cortical bone. Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics 17, 137\u2013146 (2015).","journal-title":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics"},{"key":"42476_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.01.001","volume":"97","author":"EO Vesper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vesper, E. O., Hammond, M. A., Allen, M. R. & Wallace, J. M. Even with rehydration, preservation in ethanol influences the mechanical properties of bone and how bone responds to experimental manipulation. Bone 97, 49\u201353, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2017.01.001 (2017).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"42476_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.23.11.116504","volume":"23","author":"IAK Fiedler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fiedler, I. A. K., Casanova, M., Keplinger, T., Busse, B. & Muller, R. Effect of short-term formaldehyde fixation on Raman spectral parameters of bone quality. J Biomed Opt 23, 1\u20136, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.23.11.116504 (2018).","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"42476_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7201769","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7201769","volume":"2017","author":"CS Chon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chon, C. S., Yun, H. S., Kim, H. S. & Ko, C. Elastic Modulus of Osteoporotic Mouse Femur Based on Femoral Head Compression Test. Appl Bionics Biomech 2017, 7201769, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/7201769 (2017).","journal-title":"Appl Bionics Biomech"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66764-6","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000}}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-42476-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-42476-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-42476-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T08:42:37Z","timestamp":1671266557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-42476-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["42476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-42476-4","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66764-6","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2020","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"5961"}}