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OTU numbers and the Ace, Chao, Shannon, and Simpson indexes were very similar among the three breeds of snakes included in this study. The <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacteria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> were predominant bacterial phyla. The relative abundance at the phylum level among these samples was similar, and the difference between small and large intestinal samples was not obvious. However, at the genus level, venom secretion snakes <jats:italic>Deinagkistrodon<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Naja<\/jats:italic> clustered together according to different breeds. 27, 24, and 16 genera were identified as core microbes for <jats:italic>Deinagkistrodon<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Naja<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Ptyas mucosa<\/jats:italic>, respectively. Interestingly, the relative abundances of genera <jats:italic>Hafnia_Obesumbacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Providencia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> were found to be significantly higher in non-venom secretion snakes, and the genera <jats:italic>Achromobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cetobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium innocuum<\/jats:italic> group, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Romboutsia<\/jats:italic> were only detected in venom secretion snakes. The function of these bacteria in venom secretion needs to be further studied, and these venom secretion related genera may be the promising target to improve venom production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42787-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T10:02:29Z","timestamp":1555668149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparative analysis of intestinal bacteria among venom secretion and non-secrection snakes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zuodong","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dezhi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huahai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeshi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"42787_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.012","volume":"23","author":"K Makki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Makki, K., Deehan, E. 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Those authors provided the snake samples. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"6335"}}