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Inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence of bacterial pathogens is an emerging approach to address the challenges related to bacterial infections. To suppress the virulence and biofilm formation by<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>O157:H7 (ECOH), we developed stable nanoemulsion (NE) of<jats:italic>Gaultheria fragrantissima<\/jats:italic>Wall. essential oil\u2019s (EO) bioactive compounds, viz., eugenol (E-NE) and methyl salicylate (MS-NE) that showed significantly higher anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activities as compared to eugenol and methyl salicylate without affecting ECOH planktonic cell growth. Transcriptional analysis showed that E-NE and MS-NE reduced the expression of genes, including curli, type I fimbriae, Shiga-like toxins, quorum sensing, and<jats:italic>ler<\/jats:italic>-controlled toxins, which are needed for biofilm formation, pathogenicity, and attachment. E-NE and MS-NE loaded hydrogel coatings showed superior anti-biofilm activity against ECOH on glass, plastic and meat surfaces as compared to eugenol and methyl salicylate loaded coatings. Conclusively, NE-loaded hydrogel coatings could be used in combating ECOH infection on solid surfaces through anti-biofilm and anti-virulence strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43016-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T10:03:10Z","timestamp":1556100190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Nanoemulsion-loaded hydrogel coatings for inhibition of bacterial virulence and biofilm formation on solid surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"family":"Prateeksha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saroj Kanta","family":"Barik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brahma Nand","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"43016_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.02.032","volume":"117","author":"A Mirhoseini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mirhoseini, A., Amani, J. & Nazarian, S. 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