{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:16:05Z","timestamp":1793114165974,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The world is experiencing crisis of antibiotic resistance not only in pathogenic but also in commensal bacteria. We determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> in young children in rural setting of central India and search for its correlations with demographic and behavioral factors. At seven time points during a period of 2 years we collected stool samples from 125 children; aged 1\u20133 in a rural area of Madhya Pradesh. We isolated six isolates of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> per stool sample and subjected them to antibiotic susceptibility testing. We found resistance to ampicillin, quinolones, cephalosporins, sulfamethoxazole, co-trimoxazole, in at least one isolate from 89% to 100% of children. Extended spectrum beta lactamase producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> were identified in all but one child and multidrug resistance was identified in isolates from all children. Female gender (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) and higher wealth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) was significantly correlated with less antibiotic resistance. Thus, the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in rural community from India needs urgent measures to control the growing antibiotic resistance crisis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43227-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T10:04:20Z","timestamp":1556618660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["High levels of drug resistance in commensal E. coli in a cohort of children from rural central India"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Manju Raj","family":"Purohit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Falkdalen","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Diwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Marrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6525-1861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia St\u00e5lsby","family":"Lundborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"43227_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70318-9","volume":"13","author":"R Laxminarayan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laxminarayan, R. et al. 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