{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:26:21Z","timestamp":1783340781706,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558051200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&amp;#x00F6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["160320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["160320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"DH | National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP-PG-0614-20009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP-PG-0614-20009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mathematical modelling studies of\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission predict that interventions to screen and treat chlamydia infection will reduce prevalence to a greater degree than that observed in empirical population-based studies. We investigated two factors that might explain this discrepancy: partial immunity after natural infection clearance and differential screening coverage according to infection risk. We used four variants of a compartmental model for heterosexual\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission, parameterized using data from England about sexual behaviour,\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    testing, diagnosis and prevalence, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods for statistical inference. In our baseline scenario, a model in which partial immunity follows natural infection clearance and the proportion of tests done in chlamydia-infected people decreases over time fitted the data best. The model predicts that partial immunity reduced susceptibility to reinfection by 68% (95% Bayesian credible interval 46\u201387%). The estimated screening rate was 4.3 (2.2\u20136.6) times higher for infected than for uninfected women in 2000, decreasing to 2.1 (1.4\u20132.9) in 2011. Despite incorporation of these factors, the model still predicted a marked decline in\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence. To reduce the gap between modelling and data, advances are needed in knowledge about factors influencing the coverage of chlamydia screening, the immunology of\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and changes in\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence at the population level.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44003-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T06:04:37Z","timestamp":1558073077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Discrepancies between observed data and predictions from mathematical modelling of the impact of screening interventions on Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Joost","family":"Smid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5230-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian L.","family":"Althaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"44003_CR1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Guidance on chlamydia control in Europe, 2015 (Stockholm, 2016)."},{"key":"44003_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD010866","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010866.pub2","volume":"9","author":"N Low","year":"2016","unstructured":"Low, N. et al. Screening for genital chlamydia infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9, CD010866, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010866.pub2 (2016).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"44003_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Global health sector strategy on Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2016\u20132021 (Geneva, 2016)."},{"key":"44003_CR4","unstructured":"Public Health England (PHE). National chlamydia screening programme (NCSP): data tables, https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/collections\/national-chlamydia-screening-programme-ncsp (2016)."},{"key":"44003_CR5","unstructured":"Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention (CDC). Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance, Table 10, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats16\/tables\/10.htm (2017)."},{"key":"44003_CR6","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance 2015 (2016)."},{"key":"44003_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chandra, N. L. et al. Filling in the gaps: estimating numbers of chlamydia tests and diagnoses by age group and sex before and during the implementation of the English National Screening Programme, 2000 to 2012. Euro Surveill 22, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.5.30453 (2017).","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.5.30453"},{"key":"44003_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06886-6","volume":"358","author":"KA Fenton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fenton, K. A. et al. Sexual behaviour in Britain: reported sexually transmitted infections and prevalent genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Lancet 358, 1851\u20131854, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06886-6 (2001).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"44003_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61947-9","volume":"382","author":"P Sonnenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sonnenberg, P. et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and uptake of interventions for sexually transmitted infections in Britain: findings from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal). Lancet 382, 1795\u20131806, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61947-9 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"44003_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000598","volume":"44","author":"MM Ronn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ronn, M. M. et al. The Use of Mathematical Models of Chlamydia Transmission to Address Public Health Policy Questions: A Systematic Review. Sex Transm Dis 44, 278\u2013283, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000598 (2017).","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"44003_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008926.","volume":"144","author":"M Kretzschmar","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kretzschmar, M., van Duynhoven, Y. T. & Severijnen, A. J. Modeling prevention strategies for gonorrhea and Chlamydia using stochastic network simulations. Am J Epidemiol 144, 306\u2013317, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008926 (1996).","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"44003_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Low, N. et al. Epidemiological, social, diagnostic and economic evaluation of population screening for genital chlamydial infection. Health Technol Assess 11, iii\u2013iv, ix\u2013xii, 1\u2013165, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta11080 (2007).","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11080"},{"key":"44003_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1086\/589883","volume":"198","author":"DG Regan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Regan, D. G., Wilson, D. P. & Hocking, J. S. Coverage is the key for effective screening of Chlamydia trachomatis in Australia. J Infect Dis 198, 349\u2013358, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/589883 (2008).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"44003_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.019067","volume":"82","author":"KM Turner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turner, K. M. et al. Modelling the effectiveness of chlamydia screening in England. Sex Transm Infect 82, 496\u2013502, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.2005.019067 (2006).","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"44003_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E271","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30071-9","volume":"3","author":"J Lewis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lewis, J. & White, P. J. Changes in chlamydia prevalence and duration of infection estimated from testing and diagnosis rates in England: a model-based analysis using surveillance data, 2000\u201315. Lancet Public Health 3, E271\u2013E278, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30071-9 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"44003_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.047027","volume":"87","author":"J Riha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Riha, J., Mercer, C. H., Soldan, K., French, C. E. & Macintosh, M. Who is being tested by the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme? A comparison with national probability survey data. Sex Transm Infect 87, 306\u2013311, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.2010.047027 (2011).","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"44003_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2010.04.002","volume":"2","author":"CL Althaus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Althaus, C. L., Heijne, J. C. M., Roellin, A. & Low, N. Transmission dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis affect the impact of screening programmes. Epidemics-Neth 2, 123\u2013131, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epidem.2010.04.002 (2010).","journal-title":"Epidemics-Neth"},{"key":"44003_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000045","volume":"139","author":"LF Johnson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johnson, L. F., Dorrington, R. E. & Bradshaw, D. The role of immunity in the epidemiology of gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection and trichomoniasis: insights from a mathematical model. Epidemiol Infect 139, 1875\u20131883, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268811000045 (2011).","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"44003_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1086\/652400","volume":"201","author":"BE Batteiger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Batteiger, B. E., Xu, F., Johnson, R. E. & Rekart, M. L. Protective immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection: evidence from human studies. J Infect Dis 201(Suppl 2), S178\u2013189, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/652400 (2010).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"44003_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S168","DOI":"10.1086\/652399","volume":"201","author":"RG Rank","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rank, R. G. & Whittum-Hudson, J. A. Protective immunity to chlamydial genital infection: evidence from animal studies. J Infect Dis 201(Suppl 2), S168\u2013177, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/652399 (2010).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"44003_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053543","volume":"0","author":"R Omori","year":"2018","unstructured":"Omori, R., Chemaitelly, H., Althaus, C. L. & Abu-Raddad, L. J. Does infection with Chlamydia trachomatis induce long-lasting partial immunity? Insights from mathematical modelling. Sex Transm Infect 0, 1\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053543 (2018).","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"44003_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62035-8","volume":"382","author":"CH Mercer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mercer, C. H. et al. Changes in sexual attitudes and lifestyles in Britain through the life course and over time: findings from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal). Lancet 382, 1781\u20131794, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62035-8 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"44003_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06883-0","volume":"358","author":"AM Johnson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johnson, A. M. et al. Sexual behaviour in Britain: partnerships, practices, and HIV risk behaviours. Lancet 358, 1835\u20131842, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06883-0 (2001).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"44003_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2018.03.004","volume":"24","author":"JH Smid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smid, J. H., Garcia, V., Low, N., Mercer, C. H. & Althaus, C. L. Age difference between heterosexual partners: implications for the spread of Chlamydia trachomatis. Epidemics-Neth 24, 60\u201366, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epidem.2018.03.004 (2018).","journal-title":"Epidemics-Neth"},{"key":"44003_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005611","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005611","volume":"12","author":"SM Fingerhuth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fingerhuth, S. M., Bonhoeffer, S., Low, N. & Althaus, C. L. Antibiotic-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Spread Faster with More Treatment, Not More Sexual Partners. PLoS Pathog 12, e1005611, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005611 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"44003_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2307\/2684568","volume":"49","author":"S Chib","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chib, S. & Greenberg, E. Understanding the Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm. Am Stat 49, 327\u2013335, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2684568 (1995).","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"44003_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.1998.10474787","volume":"7","author":"SP Brooks","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brooks, S. P. & Gelman, A. General methods for monitoring convergence of iterative simulations. J Comput Graph Stat 7, 434\u2013455, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10618600.1998.10474787 (1998).","journal-title":"J Comput Graph Stat"},{"key":"44003_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, S. H. & Rubin, D. B. Bayesian Data Analysis: Second Edition. Texts in Statistical Science. (Chapman&Hall\/CRC, 2004).","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258480"},{"key":"44003_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.0035","volume":"64","author":"DJ Spiegelhalter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spiegelhalter, D. J., Best, N. G., Carlin, B. P. & van der Linde, A. Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit. J R Stat Soc Series B 64, 583\u2013639, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-9868.0035 (2002).","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B"},{"key":"44003_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-3-3","volume":"3","author":"KM Turner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turner, K. M. et al. Developing a realistic sexual network model of chlamydia transmission in Britain. Theor Biol Med Model 3, 3, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4682-3-3 (2006).","journal-title":"Theor Biol Med Model"},{"key":"44003_CR31","unstructured":"National Chlamydia Screening Programme. NCSP: Five years. The fifth annual report of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme 2007\/08. (London, 2008)."},{"key":"44003_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181a2aab9","volume":"36","author":"I Simms","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simms, I. et al. The English National Chlamydia Screening Programme: variations in positivity in 2007\/2008. Sex Transm Dis 36, 522\u2013527, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181a2aab9 (2009).","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"44003_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-11-8","volume":"11","author":"B Davies","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davies, B., Anderson, S. J., Turner, K. M. & Ward, H. How robust are the natural history parameters used in chlamydia transmission dynamic models? A systematic review. Theor Biol Med Model 11, 8, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4682-11-8 (2014).","journal-title":"Theor Biol Med Model"},{"key":"44003_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix283","volume":"216","author":"J Lewis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lewis, J., Price, M. J., Horner, P. J. & White, P. J. Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infections Clear More Slowly in Men Than Women, but Are Less Likely to Become Established. J Infect Dis 216, 237\u2013244, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jix283 (2017).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"44003_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1086\/497341","volume":"192","author":"RC Brunham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brunham, R. C., Pourbohloul, B., Mak, S., White, R. & Rekart, M. L. The unexpected impact of a Chlamydia trachomatis infection control program on susceptibility to reinfection. J Infect Dis 192, 1836\u20131844, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/497341 (2005).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"44003_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30092-6","volume":"3","author":"N Low","year":"2018","unstructured":"Low, N. & Smid, J. H. Changes in chlamydia prevalence over time: how to observe the unobserved. Lancet Public Health 3, 260\u2013261, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30092-6 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"44003_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq050","volume":"203","author":"JC Heijne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heijne, J. C., Althaus, C. L., Herzog, S. A., Kretzschmar, M. & Low, N. The role of reinfection and partner notification in the efficacy of Chlamydia screening programs. J Infect Dis 203, 372\u2013377, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiq050 (2011).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"44003_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052786","volume":"93","author":"JCM Heijne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heijne, J. C. M. et al. What explains anorectal chlamydia infection in women? Implications of a mathematical model for test and treatment strategies. Sex Transm Infect 93, 270\u2013275, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052786 (2017).","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"44003_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1280-6","volume":"15","author":"NH Dukers-Muijrers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dukers-Muijrers, N. H., Schachter, J., van Liere, G. A., Wolffs, P. F. & Hoebe, C. J. What is needed to guide testing for anorectal and pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in women and men? Evidence and opinion. BMC Infect Dis 15, 533, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-015-1280-6 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"44003_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e399","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30159-2","volume":"18","author":"Sarah C Woodhall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Woodhall, S. C. et al. Advancing the public health applications of Chlamydia trachomatis serology. Lancet Infect Dis, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30159-2 (2018).","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"44003_CR41","unstructured":"Public Health Outcomes Framework. Improving outcomes and supporting transparency. Part 1: A public health outcomes framework for England, 2013\u20132016., (Department of Health UK, London, 2013)."},{"issue":"3","key":"44003_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052441","volume":"93","author":"Lakshmi Chandrasekaran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chandrasekaran, L., Davies, B., Eaton, J. W. & Ward, H. Chlamydia diagnosis rate in England in 2012: an ecological study of local authorities. Sex Transm Infect 93, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052441 (2017).","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"44003_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1086\/648734","volume":"201","author":"BE Batteiger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Batteiger, B. E. et al. Repeated Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections in adolescent women. J Infect Dis 201, 42\u201351 (2010).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"44003_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051279","volume":"90","author":"N Low","year":"2014","unstructured":"Low, N., Heijne, J. C., Herzog, S. A. & Althaus, C. L. Reinfection by untreated partners of people treated for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: mathematical modelling study. Sex Transm Infect 90, 254\u2013256, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051279 (2014).","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-44003-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-44003-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-44003-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T04:51:04Z","timestamp":1671252664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-44003-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["44003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-44003-x","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/389387","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"7547"}}