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This study intended to evaluate the modulatory effects of dietary tryptophan on the European seabass (<jats:italic>Dicentrarchus labrax<\/jats:italic>) immune status, inflammatory response and disease resistance to <jats:italic>Photobacterium damselae piscicida<\/jats:italic>. A tryptophan deficient diet (NTRP); a control diet (CTRL); and two other diets supplemented with tryptophan at 0.13% (TRP13) and 0.17% (TRP17) of feed weight were formulated. Fish were sampled at 2 and 4 weeks of feeding and the remaining were i.p. injected with <jats:italic>Phdp<\/jats:italic> (3\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u2009cfu\/fish) at 4 weeks and the inflammatory response (at 4, 24, 48 and 72\u2009hours post-infection) as well as survival were evaluated. Results suggest that fish immune status was not altered in a tryptophan deficient scenario whereas in response to an inflammatory insult, plasma cortisol levels increased and the immune cell response was compromised, which translated in a lower disease resistance. When dietary tryptophan was offered 30% above its requirement level, plasma cortisol increased and, in response to bacterial infection, a decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes\/macrophages and several immune-related genes was observed, also compromising at some degree fish disease resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44205-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T10:04:48Z","timestamp":1558519488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Dietary tryptophan deficiency and its supplementation compromises inflammatory mechanisms and disease resistance in a teleost fish"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2486-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Azeredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8496-3960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Fernandez-Boo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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