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This study aims to evaluate the ability of DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-aza) to generate outer hair cells (OHCs) in a chemically-deafened adult mouse model. 5-aza was administrated into the mouse inner ear via the round window. Immunofluorescence was used to examine the expression of hair cell specific proteins following 5-aza treatment. The results showed that in the chemically-deafened mouse cochlea, new OHCs were found post 5-aza treatment, whereas OHCs were completely lost in saline-treated mice. New hair cells expressed multiple hair cell markers included Myosin VIIa, Pou4f3 and Myosin VI. Newly-generated hair cells presented in three cochlear turns and were able to survive for at least six weeks. The effects of new hair cells generation by 5-aza were concentration dependent. Quantitative PCR study indicates that 5-aza may function through Dnmt1 inhibition. The results of this report suggest that the Dnmt inhibitor 5-aza may promote hair cell regeneration in a chemically-deafened\u00a0mouse model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44313-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T10:02:24Z","timestamp":1559124144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Generation of new hair cells by DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) inhibitor 5-azacytidine in a chemically-deafened mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2975-8635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"44313_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(97)80026-8","volume":"7","author":"AJ Hudspeth","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hudspeth, A. 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