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Previous research has inconsistently linked Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), viral burden, and inflammation to the onset of HAND in HIV-infected individuals. Here we simultaneously measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of established amyloid and tau biomarkers for AD, viral copy numbers, and six key cytokines in 41 HIV-infected individuals off combination anti-retroviral therapy (14 with HAND) who underwent detailed clinical and neuropsychological characterization, and compared their CSF patterns with those from young healthy subjects, older healthy subjects with normal cognition, and older people with AD. HAND was associated with the lowest CSF levels of phosphorylated tau (p-Tau<jats:sub>181<\/jats:sub>) after accounting for age and race. We also found very high CSF levels of the pro-inflammatory interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10\/CXCL10) in HIV regardless of cognition, but elevated CSF interleukin 8 (IL-8\/CXCL8) only in HIV-NC but not HAND. Eleven HIV-infected subjects underwent repeat CSF collection six months later and showed strongly correlated longitudinal changes in p-Tau<jats:sub>181<\/jats:sub> and IL-8 levels (R\u2009=\u20090.841). These data suggest reduced IL-8 relative to IP-10 and reduced p-Tau<jats:sub>181<\/jats:sub> to characterize HAND.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45418-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T12:04:56Z","timestamp":1560945896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Linked CSF reduction of phosphorylated tau and IL-8 in HIV associated neurocognitive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tugba","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kollhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Christina Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Loring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drenna","family":"Waldrop-Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Letendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Tyor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4862-6777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William T.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"45418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318200d727","volume":"75","author":"RK Heaton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heaton, R. 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Dr. Letendre has consulted for GlaxoSmithKlein and received travel support from GlaxoSmithKlein, ViiV Healthcare Company, and Gilead Sciences. Dr. Hu has received grant support from Fujirebio US and Avid Radiopharmaceutical; has received travel support from Hoffman-LaRoche and Abbvie; has a patent on CSF-based diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders (assigned to Emory University); consults for AARP Inc., ViveBio, LLC, Locks Law Firm, and Interpleader Law.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"8733"}}