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Low-frequency earthquakes (LFE) are a specific type of slow EQ. In the present paper, we reveal the relevance of LFEs to the 11 March 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake (Tohoku-oki EQ) by means of cluster analysis. We classified LFEs in northern Japan in a data-driven manner, based on inter-time, the time interval between neighboring LFEs occurring within 10\u2009km. We found that there are four classes of LFE that are characterized by median inter-times of 24\u2009seconds, 27\u2009minutes, 2.0 days, and 35 days, respectively. Remarkably, in examining the relevance of these classes to the Tohoku-oki EQ, we found that activity in the shortest inter-time class (median 24\u2009seconds) diminished significantly at least three months before the Tohoku-oki EQ, and became completely quiescent 30 days before the event (p-value\u2009=\u20090.00014). Further statistical analysis implies that this class, together with a similar class of volcanic tremor, may have served as a precursor of the Tohoku-oki EQ. We discuss a generative model for these classes of LFE, in which the shortest inter-time class is characterized by a generalized gamma distribution with the product of shape parameters <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\u03ba\u2009=\u20091:54 in the domain of inter-time close to zero. We give a possible geodetic interpretation for the relevance of LFE to the Tohoku-oki EQ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45765-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T10:02:45Z","timestamp":1561629765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Classes of low-frequency earthquakes based on inter-time distribution reveal a precursor event for the 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Tokuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"45765_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.5047\/eps.2011.06.033","volume":"63","author":"K Katsumata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Katsumata, K. 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