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To explore CTSS\u2019s utility as a therapeutic target for mitigating ocular manifestations of SS in sites where CTSS is increased in disease, the tears and the LG (systemically), the peptide-based inhibitor, Z-FL-COCHO (Z-FL), was administered to 14\u201315 week male NOD mice. Systemic intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for 2 weeks significantly reduced CTSS activity in tears, LG and spleen, significantly reduced total lymphocytic infiltration into LG, reduced CD3+ and CD68+ cell abundance within lymphocytic infiltrates, and significantly increased stimulated tear secretion. Topical administration of Z-FL to a different cohort of 14\u201315 week male NOD mice for 6 weeks significantly reduced only tear CTSS while not affecting LG and spleen CTSS and attenuated the disease-progression related reduction of basal tear secretion, while not significantly impacting lymphocytic infiltration of the LG. These findings suggest that CTSS inhibitors administered either topically or systemically can mitigate aspects of the ocular manifestations of SS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45966-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T06:02:56Z","timestamp":1562047376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Inhibition of Cathepsin S Reduces Lacrimal Gland Inflammation and Increases Tear Flow in a Mouse Model of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Wannita","family":"Klinngam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7377-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srikanth R.","family":"Janga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changrim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Yarber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihir","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0176-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3626-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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