{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T22:20:57Z","timestamp":1794608457702,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX12AB02G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX12AB02G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over the course of a mission to the International Space Station (ISS) crew members are exposed to a number of stressors that can potentially alter the composition of their microbiomes and may have a negative impact on astronauts\u2019 health. Here we investigated the impact of long-term space exploration on the microbiome of nine astronauts that spent six to twelve months in the ISS. We present evidence showing that the microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, nose and tongue change during the space mission. The composition of the intestinal microbiota became more similar across astronauts in space, mostly due to a drop in the abundance of a few bacterial taxa, some of which were also correlated with changes in the cytokine profile of crewmembers. Alterations in the skin microbiome that might contribute to the high frequency of skin rashes\/hypersensitivity episodes experienced by astronauts in space were also observed. The results from this study demonstrate that the composition of the astronauts\u2019 microbiome is altered during space travel. The impact of those changes on crew health warrants further investigation before humans embark on long-duration voyages into outer space.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46303-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T09:01:56Z","timestamp":1562662916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":264,"title":["Study of the impact of long-duration space missions at the International Space Station on the astronaut microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Voorhies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Mark Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duane L.","family":"Pierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian E.","family":"Crucian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Feiveson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherie M.","family":"Oubre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manolito","family":"Torralba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Moncera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9816-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Zurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0910-7894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hernan A.","family":"Lorenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"46303_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2187\/bss.18.201","volume":"18","author":"K Ohnishi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ohnishi, K. & Ohnishi, T. The biological effects of space radiation during long stays in space. Biol Sci Space 18, 201\u2013205 (2004).","journal-title":"Biol Sci Space"},{"key":"46303_CR2","first-page":"B94","volume":"76","author":"MM Mallis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mallis, M. M. & DeRoshia, C. W. Circadian rhythms, sleep, and performance in space. Aviat Space Environ Med 76, B94\u2013107 (2005).","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"46303_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01437","volume":"9","author":"BE Crucian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crucian, B. E. et al. Immune System Dysregulation During Spaceflight: Potential Countermeasures for Deep Space Exploration Missions. Front Immunol 9, 1437, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01437 (2018).","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"46303_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001191","volume":"29","author":"KJ Hackney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hackney, K. J. et al. The Astronaut-Athlete: Optimizing Human Performance in Space. J Strength Cond Res 29, 3531\u20133545, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001191 (2015).","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"46303_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-018-0165-6","volume":"5","author":"B Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu, B. et al. On-orbit sleep problems of astronauts and countermeasures. Mil Med Res 5, 17, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40779-018-0165-6 (2018).","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"46303_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2016","volume":"98","author":"LF Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, L. F. & Hargens, A. R. Spaceflight-Induced Intracranial Hypertension and Visual Impairment: Pathophysiology and Countermeasures. Physiol Rev 98, 59\u201387, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00017.2016 (2018).","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"46303_CR7","unstructured":"NASA Human Research Roadmap, https:\/\/humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov\/explore\/ (2019)."},{"issue":"1","key":"46303_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010188","volume":"20","author":"Alexis Howe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Howe, A. et al. Long-Term Changes in Cognition and Physiology after Low-Dose (16)O Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 20, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20010188 (2019).","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"46303_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00761.2018","volume":"126","author":"AB Bigley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bigley, A. B. et al. NK cell function is impaired during long-duration spaceflight. J Appl Physiol (1985) 126, 842\u2013853, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00761.2018 (2019).","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"46303_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S114188","volume":"9","author":"B Crucian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crucian, B. et al. Incidence of clinical symptoms during long-duration orbital spaceflight. Int J Gen Med 9, 383\u2013391, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJGM.S114188 (2016).","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"46303_CR11","unstructured":"Antonsen, E. Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes & Decrements in Performance due to Inflight Medical Conditions, https:\/\/humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov\/Risks\/risk.aspx?i=95 (2017)."},{"key":"46303_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.05.014","volume":"41","author":"SK Mehta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mehta, S. K. et al. Multiple latent viruses reactivate in astronauts during Space Shuttle missions. Brain Behav Immun 41, 210\u2013217, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.05.014 (2014).","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"46303_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2004.08.001","volume":"19","author":"DL Pierson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pierson, D. L., Stowe, R. P., Phillips, T. M., Lugg, D. J. & Mehta, S. K. Epstein-Barr virus shedding by astronauts during space flight. Brain Behav Immun 19, 235\u2013242, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2004.08.001 (2005).","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"46303_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjmgrav.2015.13","volume":"1","author":"B Crucian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crucian, B. et al. Alterations in adaptive immunity persist during long-duration spaceflight. NPJ Microgravity 1, 15013, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npjmgrav.2015.13 (2015).","journal-title":"NPJ Microgravity"},{"key":"46303_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2276.2008","volume":"79","author":"BE Crucian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Crucian, B. E., Stowe, R. P., Pierson, D. L. & Sams, C. F. Immune system dysregulation following short- vs long-duration spaceflight. Aviat Space Environ Med 79, 835\u2013843 (2008).","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"46303_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2003.10.005","volume":"18","author":"I Kaur","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaur, I., Simons, E. R., Castro, V. A., Mark Ott, C. & Pierson, D. L. Changes in neutrophil functions in astronauts. Brain Behav Immun 18, 443\u2013450, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2003.10.005 (2004).","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"46303_CR17","first-page":"1281","volume":"74","author":"RP Stowe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stowe, R. P., Sams, C. F. & Pierson, D. L. Effects of mission duration on neuroimmune responses in astronauts. Aviat Space Environ Med 74, 1281\u20131284 (2003).","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"46303_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.12.021","volume":"4","author":"B Crucian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crucian, B. et al. A case of persistent skin rash and rhinitis with immune system dysregulation onboard the International Space Station. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 4, 759\u2013762 e758, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.12.021 (2016).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"46303_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-271700","volume":"29","author":"P Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, P. et al. Simulated microgravity disrupts intestinal homeostasis and increases colitis susceptibility. FASEB J 29, 3263\u20133273, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.15-271700 (2015).","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"46303_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01340","volume":"3","author":"JS Foster","year":"2013","unstructured":"Foster, J. S., Khodadad, C. L., Ahrendt, S. R. & Parrish, M. L. Impact of simulated microgravity on the normal developmental time line of an animal-bacteria symbiosis. Sci Rep 3, 1340, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep01340 (2013).","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"46303_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.68.2.345-361.2004","volume":"68","author":"CA Nickerson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nickerson, C. A., Ott, C. M., Wilson, J. W., Ramamurthy, R. & Pierson, D. L. Microbial responses to microgravity and other low-shear environments. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68, 345\u2013361, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MMBR.68.2.345-361.2004 (2004).","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"46303_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1996.tb00146.x","volume":"16","author":"DL Pierson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pierson, D. L. et al. Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus during space flight. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 16, 273\u2013281, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1996.tb00146.x (1996).","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"46303_CR23","unstructured":"Johnston, R. S. & Dietlein, L. F. Skylab Environmental and Crew Microbiology Studies. (NASA, 1977)."},{"key":"46303_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","volume":"486","author":"Human Microbiome Project Consortium","year":"2012","unstructured":"Human Microbiome Project Consortium. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature 486, 207\u2013214, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11234 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"46303_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177486","volume":"326","author":"EK Costello","year":"2009","unstructured":"Costello, E. K. et al. Bacterial community variation in human body habitats across space and time. Science 326, 1694\u20131697, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1177486 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"46303_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-8059-6","volume":"101","author":"D Shao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shao, D. et al. Simulated microgravity affects some biological characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101, 3439\u20133449, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-016-8059-6 (2017).","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"46303_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2006.01.008","volume":"24","author":"DM Klaus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klaus, D. M. & Howard, H. N. Antibiotic efficacy and microbial virulence during space flight. Trends Biotechnol 24, 131\u2013136, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibtech.2006.01.008 (2006).","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"46303_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00367284","volume":"73","author":"O Ciferri","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ciferri, O., Tiboni, O., Di Pasquale, G., Orlandoni, A. M. & Marchesi, M. L. Effects of microgravity on genetic recombination in Escherichia coli. Naturwissenschaften 73, 418\u2013421 (1986).","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"46303_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-005-0098-3","volume":"70","author":"MR Benoit","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benoit, M. R. et al. Microbial antibiotic production aboard the International Space Station. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 70, 403\u2013411, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-005-0098-3 (2006).","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"46303_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.32.5.659-665.1976","volume":"32","author":"JG Decelle","year":"1976","unstructured":"Decelle, J. G. & Taylor, G. R. Autoflora in the upper respiratory tract of Apollo astronauts. Appl Environ Microbiol 32, 659\u2013665 (1976).","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"46303_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/food.19840280608","volume":"28","author":"AA Lencner","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lencner, A. A. et al. The quantitative composition of the intestinal lactoflora before and after space flights of different lengths. Nahrung 28, 607\u2013613 (1984).","journal-title":"Nahrung"},{"key":"46303_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1976.0502","volume":"93","author":"LR Brown","year":"1976","unstructured":"Brown, L. R., Fromme, W. J., Handler, S. F., Wheatcroft, M. G. & Johnston, D. A. Effect of Skylab missions on clinical and microbiologic aspects of oral health. J Am Dent Assoc 93, 357\u2013363 (1976).","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"46303_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/food.19840280604","volume":"28","author":"NN Lizko","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lizko, N. N., Silov, V. M. & Syrych, G. D. Events in he development of dysbacteriosis of the intestines in man under extreme conditions. Nahrung 28, 599\u2013605 (1984).","journal-title":"Nahrung"},{"key":"46303_CR34","first-page":"11","volume":"9","author":"YG Nefedov","year":"1971","unstructured":"Nefedov, Y. G., Shilov, V. M., Konstantinova, I. V. & Zaloguyev, S. N. Microbiological and immunological aspects of extended manned space flights. Life Sci Space Res 9, 11\u201316 (1971).","journal-title":"Life Sci Space Res"},{"key":"46303_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.06.002","volume":"26","author":"PW Taylor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor, P. W. & Sommer, A. P. Towards rational treatment of bacterial infections during extended space travel. Int J Antimicrob Agents 26, 183\u2013187, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.06.002 (2005).","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"46303_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hales, N. W. et al. A countermeasure to ameliorate immune dysfunction in in vitro simulated microgravity environment: role of cellularnucleotide nutrition. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 38, 213\u2013217, doi:10.1290\/1071-2690(2002)038<0213:ACTAID>2.0.CO;2 (2002).","DOI":"10.1290\/1071-2690(2002)038<0213:ACTAID>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"46303_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00455","volume":"7","author":"A Mosca","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mosca, A. & Leclerc, M. & Hugot, J. P. Gut Microbiota Diversity and Human Diseases: Should We Reintroduce Key Predators in Our Ecosystem? Front Microbiol 7, 455, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00455 (2016).","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"46303_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0125792","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125792","volume":"10","author":"LE Ritchie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritchie, L. E. et al. Space Environmental Factor Impacts upon Murine Colon Microbiota and Mucosal Homeostasis. PLoS One 10, e0125792, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0125792 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"46303_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","volume":"464","author":"J Qin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qin, J. et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 464, 59\u201365, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08821 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"46303_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.06.003","volume":"16","author":"S Miquel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miquel, S. et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and human intestinal health. Curr Opin Microbiol 16, 255\u2013261, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2013.06.003 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"46303_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.176","volume":"11","author":"M Lopez-Siles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lopez-Siles, M., Duncan, S. H., Garcia-Gil, L. J. & Martinez-Medina, M. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: from microbiology to diagnostics and prognostics. ISME J 11, 841\u2013852, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2016.176 (2017).","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"46303_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2013.0129","volume":"34","author":"BE Crucian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crucian, B. E. et al. Plasma cytokine concentrations indicate that in vivo hormonal regulation of immunity is altered during long-duration spaceflight. J Interferon Cytokine Res 34, 778\u2013786, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jir.2013.0129 (2014).","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"46303_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2012-0057","volume":"23","author":"C Strewe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strewe, C. et al. Effects of parabolic flight and spaceflight on the endocannabinoid system in humans. Rev Neurosci 23, 673\u2013680, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/revneuro-2012-0057 (2012).","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"46303_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14281","volume":"33","author":"YJ Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, Y. J. et al. Parasutterella, in association with irritable bowel syndrome and intestinal chronic inflammation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 33, 1844\u20131852, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.14281 (2018).","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"46303_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000972","volume":"22","author":"K Takeshita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Takeshita, K. et al. A Single Species of Clostridium Subcluster XIVa Decreased in Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 22, 2802\u20132810, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000972 (2016).","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"46303_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1542-8","volume":"57","author":"SM Henning","year":"2018","unstructured":"Henning, S. M. et al. Decaffeinated green and black tea polyphenols decrease weight gain and alter microbiome populations and function in diet-induced obese mice. Eur J Nutr 57, 2759\u20132769, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-017-1542-8 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"46303_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.10.023","volume":"25","author":"MT Bailey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bailey, M. T. et al. Exposure to a social stressor alters the structure of the intestinal microbiota: implications for stressor-induced immunomodulation. Brain Behav Immun 25, 397\u2013407, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.10.023 (2011).","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"46303_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1917","volume":"8","author":"C Gabay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gabay, C. Interleukin-6 and chronic inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 8(Suppl 2), S3, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar1917 (2006).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"46303_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7131","volume":"6","author":"B Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, B. et al. IL-10 engages macrophages to shift Th17 cytokine dependency and pathogenicity during T-cell-mediated colitis. Nat Commun 6, 6131, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms7131 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"46303_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.03.001","volume":"28","author":"MJ McGeachy","year":"2008","unstructured":"McGeachy, M. J. & Cua, D. J. Th17 cell differentiation: the long and winding road. Immunity 28, 445\u2013453, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.03.001 (2008).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"46303_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38892","volume":"67","author":"JU Scher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scher, J. U. et al. Decreased bacterial diversity characterizes the altered gut microbiota in patients with psoriatic arthritis, resembling dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 67, 128\u2013139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.38892 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"46303_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308778","volume":"65","author":"MC Dao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dao, M. C. et al. Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology. Gut 65, 426\u2013436, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308778 (2016).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"46303_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.281","volume":"105","author":"CW Png","year":"2010","unstructured":"Png, C. W. et al. Mucolytic bacteria with increased prevalence in IBD mucosa augment in vitro utilization of mucin by other bacteria. Am J Gastroenterol 105, 2420\u20132428, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2010.281 (2010).","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"46303_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2012.0018","volume":"3","author":"LK Vigsnaes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vigsnaes, L. K., Brynskov, J., Steenholdt, C., Wilcks, A. & Licht, T. R. Gram-negative bacteria account for main differences between faecal microbiota from patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. Benef Microbes 3, 287\u2013297, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/BM2012.0018 (2012).","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"46303_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e31827fec6d","volume":"19","author":"M Rajilic-Stojanovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rajilic-Stojanovic, M., Shanahan, F., Guarner, F. & de Vos, W. M. Phylogenetic analysis of dysbiosis in ulcerative colitis during remission. Inflamm Bowel Dis 19, 481\u2013488, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MIB.0b013e31827fec6d (2013).","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"46303_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ottman, N. et al. Genome-Scale Model and Omics Analysis of Metabolic Capacities of Akkermansia muciniphila Reveal a Preferential Mucin-Degrading Lifestyle. Appl Environ Microbiol 83, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01014-17 (2017).","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01014-17"},{"key":"46303_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.211","volume":"12","author":"PD Cani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cani, P. D. et al. Endocannabinoids\u2013at the crossroads between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 12, 133\u2013143, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2015.211 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"46303_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12545","volume":"70","author":"L Ruokolainen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruokolainen, L. et al. Green areas around homes reduce atopic sensitization in children. Allergy 70, 195\u2013202, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.12545 (2015).","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"46303_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8334","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205624109","volume":"109","author":"I Hanski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hanski, I. et al. Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota, and allergy are interrelated. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109, 8334\u20138339, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1205624109 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"46303_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.07.059","volume":"134","author":"N Fyhrquist","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fyhrquist, N. et al. Acinetobacter species in the skin microbiota protect against allergic sensitization and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 134, 1301\u20131309 e1311, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.07.059 (2014).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"46303_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000148045","volume":"21","author":"H Tronnier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tronnier, H., Wiebusch, M. & Heinrich, U. Change in skin physiological parameters in space\u2013report on and results of the first study on man. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 21, 283\u2013292, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000148045 (2008).","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"46303_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-11-r101","volume":"13","author":"PL Zeeuwen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zeeuwen, P. L. et al. Microbiome dynamics of human epidermis following skin barrier disruption. Genome Biol 13, R101, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2012-13-11-r101 (2012).","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"46303_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199407000-00002","volume":"73","author":"DM Musher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Musher, D. M. et al. The current spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus infection in a tertiary care hospital. Medicine (Baltimore) 73, 186\u2013208 (1994).","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"46303_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02246","volume":"8","author":"IS Sharafutdinov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharafutdinov, I. S. et al. Antimicrobial Effects of Sulfonyl Derivative of 2(5H)-Furanone against Planktonic and Biofilm Associated Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 8, 2246, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02246 (2017).","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"46303_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.10.001","volume":"36","author":"JW Cannon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cannon, J. W. et al. An economic case for a vaccine to prevent group A streptococcus skin infections. Vaccine 36, 6968\u20136978, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.10.001 (2018).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"46303_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22398","volume":"122","author":"LM Feazel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feazel, L. M., Robertson, C. E., Ramakrishnan, V. R. & Frank, D. N. Microbiome complexity and Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 122, 467\u2013472, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.22398 (2012).","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"46303_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21101","volume":"3","author":"VR Ramakrishnan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan, V. R., Feazel, L. M., Abrass, L. J. & Frank, D. N. Prevalence and abundance of Staphylococcus aureus in the middle meatus of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, and asthma. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 3, 267\u2013271, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.21101 (2013).","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"46303_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489416641429","volume":"125","author":"J Jervis Bardy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jervis Bardy, J. & Psaltis, A. J. Next Generation Sequencing and the Microbiome of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Primer for Clinicians and Review of Current Research, Its Limitations, and Future Directions. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 125, 613\u2013621, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003489416641429 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"46303_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418801083","volume":"32","author":"NB Muluk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muluk, N. B., Altin, F. & Cingi, C. Role of Superantigens in Allergic Inflammation: Their Relationship to Allergic Rhinitis, Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Asthma, and Atopic Dermatitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 32, 502\u2013517, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1945892418801083 (2018).","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"46303_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.197","volume":"67","author":"A Singh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh, A. et al. Immune-modulatory effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 in individuals suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis to grass pollen: an exploratory, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 67, 161\u2013167, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2012.197 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"46303_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6704","volume":"16","author":"J Ren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ren, J. et al. Immunomodulatory effect of Bifidobacterium breve on experimental allergic rhinitis in BALB\/c mice. Exp Ther Med 16, 3996\u20134004, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2018.6704 (2018).","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"46303_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0897-4_12","volume":"817","author":"MT Bailey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bailey, M. T. Influence of stressor-induced nervous system activation on the intestinal microbiota and the importance for immunomodulation. Adv Exp Med Biol 817, 255\u2013276, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-0897-4_12 (2014).","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"46303_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.09.008","volume":"171","author":"MT Bailey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bailey, M. T., Engler, H. & Sheridan, J. F. Stress induces the translocation of cutaneous and gastrointestinal microflora to secondary lymphoid organs of C57BL\/6 mice. J Neuroimmunol 171, 29\u201337, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.09.008 (2006).","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"46303_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8735","volume":"6","author":"G De Palma","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Palma, G. et al. Microbiota and host determinants of behavioural phenotype in maternally separated mice. Nat Commun 6, 7735, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms8735 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"46303_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.03.001","volume":"4","author":"K Rea","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rea, K., Dinan, T. G. & Cryan, J. F. The microbiome: A key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation. Neurobiol Stress 4, 23\u201333, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.03.001 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"46303_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10555","volume":"72","author":"SK Mehta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mehta, S. K. et al. Stress-induced subclinical reactivation of varicella zoster virus in astronauts. J Med Virol 72, 174\u2013179, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.10555 (2004).","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"46303_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0134561","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134561","volume":"10","author":"L Petrakova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petrakova, L. et al. Psychosocial Stress Increases Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity Independently from Plasma Noradrenaline Levels. PLoS One 10, e0134561, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0134561 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"46303_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-015-0285-y","volume":"25","author":"KT Mandsager","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mandsager, K. T., Robertson, D. & Diedrich, A. The function of the autonomic nervous system during spaceflight. Clin Auton Res 25, 141\u2013151, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-015-0285-y (2015).","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"46303_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.04.004","volume":"66","author":"CA Morgan 3rd","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morgan, C. A. 3rd, Rasmusson, A., Pietrzak, R. H., Coric, V. & Southwick, S. M. Relationships among plasma dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, cortisol, symptoms of dissociation, and objective performance in humans exposed to underwater navigation stress. Biol Psychiatry 66, 334\u2013340, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.04.004 (2009).","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"46303_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890260310","volume":"26","author":"RM Loria","year":"1988","unstructured":"Loria, R. M., Inge, T. H., Cook, S. S., Szakal, A. K. & Regelson, W. Protection against acute lethal viral infections with the native steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). J Med Virol 26, 301\u2013314 (1988).","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"46303_CR81","first-page":"505","volume":"46","author":"RM Loria","year":"1998","unstructured":"Loria, R. M. & Padgett, D. A. Control of the immune response by DHEA and its metabolites. Rinsho Byori 46, 505\u2013517 (1998).","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"key":"46303_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2752","volume":"33","author":"SP Prall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prall, S. P., Larson, E. E. & Muehlenbein, M. P. The role of dehydroepiandrosterone on functional innate immune responses to acute stress. Stress Health 33, 656\u2013664, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.2752 (2017).","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"46303_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254529","volume":"345","author":"S Lax","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lax, S. et al. Longitudinal analysis of microbial interaction between humans and the indoor environment. Science 345, 1048\u20131052, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1254529 (2014).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"46303_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1258","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1258","volume":"3","author":"JF Meadow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meadow, J. F. et al. Humans differ in their personal microbial cloud. PeerJ 3, e1258, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.1258 (2015).","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"46303_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0116-3","volume":"3","author":"A Checinska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Checinska, A. et al. Microbiomes of the dust particles collected from the International Space Station and Spacecraft Assembly Facilities. Microbiome 3, 50, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-015-0116-3 (2015).","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"46303_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj187275","author":"TN Leung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leung, T. N., Hon, K. L., Leung, A. K. & Group, A. Streptococcus disease in Hong Kong children: an overview. Hong Kong Med J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12809\/hkmj187275 (2018).","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"46303_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00582-17","volume":"55","author":"M Rosa-Fraile","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosa-Fraile, M. & Spellerberg, B. Reliable Detection of Group B Streptococcus in the Clinical Laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 55, 2590\u20132598, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00582-17 (2017).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"46303_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paharik, A. E. & Horswill, A. R. The Staphylococcal Biofilm: Adhesins, Regulation, and Host Response. Microbiol Spectr 4, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.VMBF-0022-2015 (2016).","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.VMBF-0022-2015"},{"key":"46303_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00796-12","volume":"50","author":"K Bernard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bernard, K. The genus corynebacterium and other medically relevant coryneform-like bacteria. J Clin Microbiol 50, 3152\u20133158, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00796-12 (2012).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"46303_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mubaiwa, T. D. et al. The sweet side of the pathogenic Neisseria: the role of glycan interactions in colonisation and disease. Pathog Dis 75, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femspd\/ftx063 (2017).","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftx063"},{"key":"46303_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/93.3.491","volume":"93","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benjamini, Y., Krieger, A. M. & Yekutieli, D. Adaptive linear step-up procedures that control the false discovery rate. Biometrika 93, 491\u2013507 (2006).","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"46303_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-017-0015-y","volume":"3","author":"SK Mehta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mehta, S. K. et al. Latent virus reactivation in astronauts on the international space station. NPJ Microgravity 3, 11, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41526-017-0015-y (2017).","journal-title":"NPJ Microgravity"},{"key":"46303_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3000","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2011.02577.x","volume":"13","author":"P Jeraldo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jeraldo, P., Chia, N. & Goldenfeld, N. On the suitability of short reads of 16S rRNA for phylogeny-based analyses in environmental surveys. Environ Microbiol 13, 3000\u20133009, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2011.02577.x (2011).","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"46303_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03870-12","volume":"79","author":"NA Bokulich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bokulich, N. A. & Mills, D. A. Improved selection of internal transcribed spacer-specific primers enables quantitative, ultra-high-throughput profiling of fungal communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 79, 2519\u20132526, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.03870-12 (2013).","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"46303_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2604","volume":"10","author":"RC Edgar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Edgar, R. C. UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads. Nat Methods 10, 996\u2013998, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2604 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"46303_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01541-09","volume":"75","author":"PD Schloss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schloss, P. D. et al. Introducing mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 75, 7537\u20137541, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01541-09 (2009).","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"46303_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","volume":"41","author":"C Quast","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quast, C. et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res 41, D590\u2013596, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gks1219 (2013).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"46303_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02228.x","volume":"14","author":"P Dixon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dixon, P. VEGAN, a package of R functions for community ecology. J Veg Sci 14, 927\u2013930 (2003).","journal-title":"J Veg Sci"},{"key":"46303_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"lme4","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates, D., M\u00e4chler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using. J Stat Softw 67, lme4, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01 (2015).","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"46303_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B. & Christensen, R. H. B. lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models. J Stat Softw 82, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v082.i13 (2017).","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13"},{"key":"46303_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","volume":"26","author":"MD Robinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robinson, M. D., McCarthy, D. J. & Smyth, G. K. edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data. Bioinformatics 26, 139\u2013140, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"46303_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love, M. I., Huber, W. & Anders, S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq. 2. Genome Biol 15, 550, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8 (2014).","journal-title":"Genome Biol"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-46303-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-46303-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-46303-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T06:21:15Z","timestamp":1671258075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-46303-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["46303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-46303-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"9911"}}