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This shapes the epidemiology of infectious diseases and facilitates pathogen spill-over between wildlife and humans. This is a global problem, yet little is known about the dissemination potential of pathogen-infected animals. By combining molecular pathogen diagnosis with GPS tracking of pathogen-infected gulls, we show how this knowledge gap could be filled at regional scales. Specifically, we generated pathogen risk maps of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> based on the spatial movements of pathogen-infected yellow-legged gulls (<jats:italic>Larus michahellis<\/jats:italic>) equipped with GPS recorders. Also, crossing this spatial information with habitat information, we identified critical habitats for the potential transmission of these bacteria in southern Europe. The use of human-made habitats by infected-gulls could potentially increase the potential risk of direct and indirect bidirectional transmission of pathogens between humans and wildlife. Our findings show that pathogen-infected wildlife equipped with GPS recorders can provide accurate information on the spatial spread risk for zoonotic bacteria. Integration of GPS-tracking with classical epidemiological approaches may help to improve zoonosis surveillance and control programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46326-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T10:03:15Z","timestamp":1563876195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Pathogen transmission risk by opportunistic gulls moving across human landscapes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5756-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-9398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gr\u00e9millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3874-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Af\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5250-8872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willem","family":"Bouten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela G.","family":"Forero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4664-9011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Figuerola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"46326_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.443","volume":"287","author":"P Daszak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daszak, P., Cunningham, A. 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