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Seed-based and static rsFC estimation methods may oversimplify FC. These limitations can be addressed with whole-brain, dynamic rsFC estimation methods. We assessed data from 27 healthy subjects who underwent two 3\u2009T resting-state fMRI scans, once under subanesthetic, intravenous esketamine and once under placebo, in a randomized, cross-over manner. We aimed to isolate only highly robust effects of esketamine on dynamic rsFC by using eight complementary methodologies derived from two dynamic rsFC estimation methods, two functionally defined atlases and two statistical measures. All combinations revealed a negative influence of esketamine on dynamic rsFC within the left visual network and inter-hemispherically between visual networks (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, corrected), hereby suggesting that esketamine\u2019s influence on dynamic rsFC is highly stable in visual processing networks. Our findings may be reflective of ketamine\u2019s role as a model for psychosis, a disorder associated with alterations to visual processing and impaired inter-hemispheric connectivity. Ketamine is a highly effective antidepressant and studies have shown changes to sensory processing in depression. Dynamic rsFC in sensory processing networks might be a promising target for future investigations of ketamine\u2019s antidepressant properties. Mechanistically, sensitivity of visual networks for esketamine\u2019s effects may result from their high expression of NMDA-receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46702-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T10:02:56Z","timestamp":1565172176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association between dynamic resting-state functional connectivity and ketamine plasma levels in visual processing networks"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Spies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Kl\u00f6bl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"H\u00f6flich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Hummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Vanicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Michenthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3892-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg S.","family":"Kranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8849-9907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dietmar","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Windischberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Kasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupert","family":"Lanzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"46702_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15040465","volume":"172","author":"DJ Newport","year":"2015","unstructured":"Newport, D. 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Thomas Vanicek has received travel grants and compensation for workshop participation from Pfizer and Eli Lilly and speaker honoraria from Shire. Georg Kranz has received travel grants from Roche, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals A.G. and Pfizer. Dietmar Winkler received lecture fees from Angelini, Lundbeck and Pfizer. Siegfried Kasper received grants\/research support, consulting fees and\/or honoraria within the last three years from Angelini, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals A.G., Celegne GmbH, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, KRKA-Pharma, Lundbeck A\/S, Mundipharma, Neuraxpharm, Pfizer, Sanofi, Schwabe, Servier, Shire, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. and Takeda. Rupert Lanzenberger received travel grants and\/or conference speaker honoraria from Shire, AstraZeneca, Lundbeck A\/S, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH, AOP\u00a0Orphan Pharmaceuticals A.G., Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, and Roche Austria GmbH. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"11484"}}