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At present, only studies on endophytic fungi of <jats:italic>Dendrobium<\/jats:italic> affecting the metabolites of host plants have been reported, very little research has been done on endophytic bacteria. In this study, we have demonstrated the great diversity of endophytic bacteria in 6 <jats:italic>Dendrobium<\/jats:italic> samples from different origins and cultivars. According to the results of the culture-independent method, the endophytic bacterial community in <jats:italic>Dendrobium<\/jats:italic> stems showed obvious different in the 6 samples and was influenced by origin and cultivar. Some bacteria including <jats:italic>Ralstonia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Comamonas<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lelliottia<\/jats:italic> were first detected in <jats:italic>Dendrobium<\/jats:italic> in this study. Based on the culture-dependent method, a total of 165 cultivable endophytic bacteria isolates were isolated from the sterilized <jats:italic>Dendrobium<\/jats:italic> stems, and were classified into 43 species according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Moreover, 14 of the 43 strains showed antimicrobial activity against phytopathogen using the Kirby-Bauer method. Strain NA-HTong-7 (<jats:italic>Bacillus megaterium<\/jats:italic>, 99.12%) showed the highest antimicrobial activity. This study was the first comprehensive study on endophytic bacteria of <jats:italic>Dendrobium<\/jats:italic> from different origins and cultivars, which provides new insights into the endophytic bacteria from <jats:italic>Dendrobium<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46863-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T10:02:43Z","timestamp":1563357763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Diversity of culture-independent bacteria and antimicrobial activity of culturable endophytic bacteria isolated from different Dendrobium stems"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shan-Shan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Meng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Feng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Ni","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6398-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Feng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"46863_CR1","unstructured":"Zeng, S. 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