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However, previous studies that implanted bare polymer tubes in animals to grow autologous tubular tissues were limited by their poor yield rates and stability. To enhance the yield rate of the tubular tissue, we employed a design with the addition of overlaid autologous whole blood scaffold containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Furthermore, we applied <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> dynamic mechanical stimuli through cyclically inflatable silicone tube to improve the mechanical properties of the harvested tissues. The effectiveness of the modification was examined by implanting the tubes in the peritoneal cavity of rats. A group without mechanical stimuli served as the controls. After 24 days of culture including 16 days of cyclic mechanical stimuli, we harvested the tubular tissue forming on the silicone tube for analysis or further autologous interposition vascular grafting. In comparison with those without cyclic dynamic stimuli, tubular tissues with this treatment during <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> culture had stronger mechanical properties, better smooth muscle differentiation, and more collagen and elastin expression by the end of incubation period in the peritoneal cavity. The grafts remained patent after 4 months of implantation and showed the presence of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. This model shows a new prospect for vascular tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47054-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T10:03:15Z","timestamp":1563876195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Combination of inductive effect of lipopolysaccharide and in situ mechanical conditioning for forming an autologous vascular graft in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Chao-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"How-Ran","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3169-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Jan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Tai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chui-Yi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho-Yi","family":"Tuan-Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Chuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1781-6378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Jia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"47054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000350","volume":"133","author":"M Writing Group","year":"2016","unstructured":"Writing Group, M. et al. 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Korean Circulation Journal 47, 1\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4070\/kcj.2016.0232 (2017).","journal-title":"Korean Circulation Journal"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-47054-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-47054-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-47054-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T11:47:05Z","timestamp":1671277625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-47054-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["47054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-47054-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Chao-Lin Chen, How-Ran Guo, and Jin-Jia Hu declare below patent inventorship possibly related to this work: (1), Methods for tissue-engineered material with the application of periodic mechanical stimulus in the peritoneal cavity. (1) US patent: Patent number: US9212345B2; status: patented; inventors: How-Ran Guo, Chao-Lin Chen, Jin-Jia Hu, Yung-Chun Lee, Chung-Jen Chung; applicant: National Cheng Kung University. (2) Taiwan patent: certification number: I507181; status: patented; inventors: How-Ran Guo, Chao-Lin Chen, Jin-Jia Hu, Yung-Chun Lee, Chung-Jen Chung; applicant: National Cheng Kung University. (2) Tube fittings. (1) US patent: patent number: US9714728B2; status: patented; inventors: Chao-Lin Chen, How-Ran Guo, Jin-Jia Hu; applicant: National Cheng Kung University. (2) Taiwan patent: certification number: I507627; status: patented; inventors: Chao-Lin Chen, How-Ran Guo, Jin-Jia Hu; applicant: National Cheng Kung University. (3) Container for fabrication of the blood scaffold. (1) US patent: application number: 15\/479460; status: pending; inventors: How-Ran Guo, Chao-Lin Chen, Jin-Jia Hu; applicant: National Cheng Kung University and National Cheng Kung University Hospital. (2) Taiwan patent: certification number: I584829; status: patented; inventors: How-Ran Guo, Chao-Lin Chen, Jin-Jia Hu; applicant: National Cheng Kung University and National Cheng Kung University Hospital. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"10616"}}