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Although major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I matching between donor cells and recipient could reduce acquired immune rejection, innate immune responses may have negative effects on transplanted iPSC-CMs. Here, we demonstrated that natural killer cells (NKCs) infiltrated in iPSC-CM transplants even in a syngeneic mouse model. The depletion of NKCs using an anti-NKC antibody rescued transplanted iPSC-CMs, suggesting that iPSC-CMs activated NKC-mediated innate immunity. Surprisingly, iPSC-CMs lost inhibitory MHCs but not activating ligands for NKCs. Re-expression of MHC class I induced by IFN-\u03b3 as well as suppression of activating ligands by an antibody rescued the transplanted iPSC-CMs. Thus, NKCs impede the engraftment of transplanted iPSC-CMs because of lost MHC class I, and our results provide a basis for an approach to improve iPSC-CM engraftment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47134-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T10:02:44Z","timestamp":1564048964000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Natural killer cells impede the engraftment of cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells in syngeneic mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Miyagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigemi","family":"Sasawatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Toyofuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Sawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"47134_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/415227a","volume":"415","author":"JA Towbin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Towbin, J. 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