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In the present study, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were tested as a potential mechanism involved in the neuronal differentiation of stem cells. In order to address this, ADSCs and neurons (BRC) were established in primary culture and co-culture at three timepoints. Furthermore, we evaluated protein and transcript levels of differentiated ADSCs from the same timepoints, to confirm phenotype change to neuronal linage. Importantly, neuron-derived EVs cargo and EVs originated from co-culture were analyzed and tested in terms of function, such as gene expression and microRNA levels related to the adult neurogenesis process. Ideal neuron-like cells were identified and, therefore, we speculated the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    function of these cells in acute sciatic nerve injury. Overall, our data demonstrated that ADSCs in indirect contact with neurons differentiated into neuron-like cells. Neuron-derived EVs appear to play an important role in this process carrying SNAP25, miR-132 and miR-9. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    neuron-like cells helped in microenvironment modulation probably preventing peripheral nerve injury degeneration. Consequently, our findings provide new insight of future methods of ADSC induction into neuronal linage to be applied in peripheral nerve (PN) injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47229-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T06:02:43Z","timestamp":1564639363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Neurons-derived extracellular vesicles promote neural differentiation of ADSCs: a model to prevent peripheral nerve degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kelly Cristine Santos","family":"Roballo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4796-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliano Coelho","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9862-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana Fernandes","family":"Bressan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Fernanda","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitoria Mattos","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9274-2324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Eliecer Pinzon","family":"Porras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe Augusto","family":"R\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia Hildebrand","family":"Pulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo de Francisco","family":"Strefezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6277-4664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele dos Santos","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio Vieira","family":"Meirelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8224-5022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Ambr\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"47229_CR1","first-page":"98","volume":"1","author":"G Camussi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Camussi, G. et al. 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