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To avoid abnormal alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss, a balanced bone turnover by bone-degrading osteoclasts and bone-generating osteoblasts is of great relevance. Unlike its contradictory role in regulating osteoclast and osteoblast cell differentiation, the TGF-\u03b2\/BMP-family member GDF15 is well known for its important functions in the regulation of cell metabolism, as well as cell fate and survival in response to cellular stress. Here, we provide first evidence for a potential role of GDF15 in translating mechanical stimuli into cellular changes in immature osteoblasts. We detected enhanced levels of GDF15 <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in periodontal ligament cells after the simulation of tooth movement in rat model system as well as <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in mechanically stressed human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Moreover, mechanical stimulation enhanced GDF15 secretion by periodontal ligament cells and the stimulation of human primary osteoblast with GDF15 <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> resulted in an increased transcription of osteogenic marker genes like <jats:italic>RUNX2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>osteocalcin<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>OCN)<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>alkaline phosphatase<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>ALP)<\/jats:italic>. Together, the present data emphasize for the first time a potential function of GDF15 in regulating differentiation programs of immature osteoblasts according to mechanical stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47639-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T10:20:54Z","timestamp":1565259654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Mechanically-induced GDF15 Secretion by Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Regulates Osteogenic Transcription"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9347-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judit","family":"Symmank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Goldschmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eik","family":"Schiegnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Wehrbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collin","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"47639_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2004.03.007","volume":"72","author":"F Bodic","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bodic, F., Hamel, L., Lerouxel, E., Basle, M. 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