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The extent to which this burden is alleviated by a hearing device is a major, unresolved issue for rehabilitation. Here, we found adult users of cochlear implants (CIs) self-reported listening effort during a speech-in-noise task that was positively related to alpha oscillatory activity in the left inferior frontal cortex, canonical Broca\u2019s area, and inversely related to speech envelope coherence in the 2\u20135\u2009Hz range originating in the superior-temporal plane encompassing auditory cortex. Left frontal cortex coherence in the 2\u20135\u2009Hz range also predicted speech-in-noise identification. These data demonstrate that neural oscillations predict both speech perception ability in noise and listening effort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47643-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T11:15:26Z","timestamp":1564744526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Neural indices of listening effort in noisy environments"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1170-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Dimitrijevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren S.","family":"Kadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"47643_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2014.890296","volume":"53","author":"R McGarrigle","year":"2014","unstructured":"McGarrigle, R. et al. 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