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Recent studies have shown that cell wall polysaccharides of <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> are detected by the immune system via the C-type lectin receptors Dectin-1 and Dectin-2, which are expressed on myeloid cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate a putative interaction between Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and the allergens Mala s13 and hTrx. Stimulation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells or macrophages with Mala s13 or hTrx resulted in remarkable secretion of IL-1\u03b2 and IL-23. Blocking experiments suggest that hTrx induces IL-23 by Dectin-1 binding and IL-1\u03b2 by binding to either Dectin-1 or Dectin-2. Regarding Mala s13, Dectin-1 appears to be involved in IL-1\u03b2 signaling. Interference of Syk kinase function was performed to investigate downstream signaling, which led to diminished hTrx responses. In our experiments, we observed rapid internalization of Mala s13 and hTrx upon cell contact and we were able to confirm direct interaction with Dectin-1 as well as Dectin-2 applying a fusion protein screening platform. We hypothesize that this cytokine response may result in a Th2\/Th17-polarizing milieu, which may play a key role during the allergic sensitization in the skin, where allergen presentation to T cells is accompanied by microbial colonization and skin inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47769-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T10:02:43Z","timestamp":1564653763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Human thioredoxin, a damage-associated molecular pattern and Malassezia-crossreactive autoallergen, modulates immune responses via the C-type lectin receptors Dectin-1 and Dectin-2"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6651-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. 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