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Therefore, we aimed to discover and validate biomarkers using proteomics analysis and subsequent functional studies. After two-dimensional electrophoresis, candidate proteins were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF\/TOF MS). We validated these results by evaluating the protein levels and their functions <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> using HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, colon tissues from patients and mice, and murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Of the 30 proteins differentially expressed in intestinal BD tissues, we identified seven using MALDI-TOF\/TOF MS. Focusing on galectin-3, we found that <jats:italic>TGF-B<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL-10<\/jats:italic> expression was significantly lower in shLGALS3-transfected cells. Expression of <jats:italic>GRP78<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>XBP1s<\/jats:italic> and apoptosis rates were all higher in shLGALS3-transfected cells upon the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. In response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B accumulated and lysosomes decreased in these cells. Finally, <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic> infection induced caspase-1 activation and increased IL-1\u03b2 production, which facilitated activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome, in <jats:italic>Lgals3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> murine BMDMs compared to wild type BMDMs. Our data suggest that galectin-3 may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of intestinal BD via modulation of ER stress, autophagy, and inflammasome activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48291-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T10:03:15Z","timestamp":1565604195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Proteomics-based functional studies reveal that galectin-3 plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of intestinal Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hyun Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0064-6656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sujeong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inhwa","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0699-6809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4807-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Je-Wook","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Hee","family":"Cheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"48291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.331","volume":"104","author":"JH Cheon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheon, J. 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