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Patients with unilateral exudative AMD with at least a 12-month follow-up period were included. According to the fellow eye condition, 327 consecutive patients were classified into 4 groups: Group 0: no drusen (42.8%), Group 1: pachydrusen (12.2%), Group 2: soft drusen (30.3%), Group 3: pseudodrusen with or without soft drusen (14.7%). Development of exudative AMD in the fellow eye was retrospectively studied for a 60-month period and this inter-group comparisons were performed. Genotyping was performed for <jats:italic>ARMS2<\/jats:italic> A69S and <jats:italic>CFH<\/jats:italic> I62V. The thickness of the choroid in the fellow eyes increased significantly in Group 1 than in other groups (all P\u2009&lt;\u20091.0 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>). The development of exudative AMD in the fellow eye was significantly less frequent in Group 1 than in Groups 2 or 3 (P\u2009=\u20090.022 and 0.0015, respectively). Risk allele frequency of <jats:italic>ARMS2<\/jats:italic> A69S was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 and 3 (all P\u2009&lt;\u20091.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>). Patients with pachydrusen have genetic and clinical characteristics distinct from those of soft drusen and pseudodrusen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48494-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T10:02:31Z","timestamp":1565863351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Clinical and genetic characteristics of pachydrusen in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Sakurada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seigo","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Kikushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mio","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naohiko","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"48494_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.04.008","volume":"53","author":"KN Khan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khan, K. 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