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Their hydrolysis activities on antibiotics have not been previously investigated. Here, we report that human cells were able to digest penicillin and this activity was inhibited by \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor, i.e. sulbactam. Penicillin degradation in human cells was microbiologically demonstrated on <jats:italic>Pneumococcus<\/jats:italic>. We expressed a MBLAC2 human \u03b2-lactamase, known as an exosome biogenesis enzyme. It cleaved penicillin and was inhibited by sulbactam. Finally, \u03b2-lactamases are widely distributed, archaic, and have wide spectrum, including digesting anticancer and \u03b2-lactams, that can be then used as nutriments. The evidence of the other MBLAC2 role as a <jats:italic>bona fide<\/jats:italic> \u03b2-lactamase allows for reassessment of \u03b2-lactams and \u03b2-lactamases role in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48723-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T10:03:05Z","timestamp":1566381785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Human metallo-\u03b2-lactamase enzymes degrade penicillin"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Seydina M.","family":"Diene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucile","family":"Pinault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Keshri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8365-2244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saber","family":"Khelaifia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Chabri\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Caetano-Anolles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6285-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Colson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"La Scola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Rolain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-3648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Pontarotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"48723_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0181-z","volume":"3","author":"CJ Schofield","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schofield, C. 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