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In addition to systemic disease, it is thought to contribute to oral disease, such as tooth loss, tissue changes in the gums and throat, and possibly oral pharyngeal cancer. We used a cross-sectional study of 20 marijuana users and 19 control non-users, to determine if chronic inhalation-based exposure to marijuana was associated with a distinct oral microbiota at the two most common sites of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the lateral border of the tongue and the oral pharynx. At the tongue site, genera earlier shown to be enriched on HNSCC mucosa, <jats:italic>Capnocytophaga<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>, were at low levels in marijuana users, while <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic>, which is found at depressed levels on HNSCC mucosa, was high. At the oral pharynx site, differences in bacteria were distinct, with higher levels of <jats:italic>Selenomonas<\/jats:italic> and lower levels of <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> which is what is seen in HNSCC. No evidence was seen for a contribution of marijuana product contaminating bacteria to these differences. This study revealed differences in the surface oral mucosal microbiota with frequent smoking of marijuana.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48768-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T10:08:04Z","timestamp":1567505284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Microbiomic differences at cancer-prone oral mucosa sites with marijuana usage"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Taylor","family":"Newman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laya P.","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy R.","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"48768_CR1","unstructured":"Behavioral Health Trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug use and Health Vol. SMA 15-4927, NSDH Series H-50 (ed Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality) (Human Health Services, 2015)."},{"key":"48768_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann, D., Brunnemann, K. 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