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Here, we described and studied<jats:italic>Anopheles fontenillei<\/jats:italic>sp.n., a new species in the<jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>complex that we recently discovered in the forested areas of Gabon, Central Africa. Our analysis placed the new taxon in the phylogenetic tree of the<jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>gambiae<\/jats:italic>complex, revealing important introgression events with other members of the complex. Particularly, we detected recent introgression, with<jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Anopheles coluzzii<\/jats:italic>, of genes directly involved in vectorial capacity. Moreover, genome analysis of the new species allowed us to clarify the evolutionary history of the 3La inversion. Overall,<jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>fontenillei<\/jats:italic>sp.n. analysis improved our understanding of the relationship between species within the<jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>gambiae<\/jats:italic>complex, and provided insight into the evolution of vectorial capacity traits that are relevant for the successful control of malaria in Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49065-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T10:03:51Z","timestamp":1571047431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["A new species in the major malaria vector complex sheds light on reticulated species evolution"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6146-6259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maite G.","family":"Barr\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7122-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Paupy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nil","family":"Rahola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ousman","family":"Akone-Ella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc F.","family":"Ngangue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodel A.","family":"Wilson-Bahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4382-9922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Pombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Kengne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Simard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9824-027X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefa","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4726-580X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"49065_CR1","unstructured":"Coyne, J. & Orr, H. 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