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The study group consisted of 40 patients with DS aged 12\u201330 years. We also selected an age and sex-matched control group. All measurements were performed on cross-sectional images obtained with cone-beam computed tomography. The selected areas of interest were the 4 interradicular spaces between the distal wall of the canine and the mesial wall of the second molar, in both maxillary quadrants. We measured the vestibular-palatine (VP) and mesiodistal (MD) dimensions to depths of 3, 6 and 9\u2009mm from the alveolar ridge. We also measured the bone density in the same interradicular spaces of interest to 6\u2009mm of depth from the alveolar crest. VP measurements were longer in the more posterior sectors and as the distance from the alveolar ridge increased. MD measurements also increased progressively as the distance from the alveolar ridge increased. In general, both the VP and MD measurements in the DS group were similar among the male and female participants. As age increased, the MD distance increased, while the VP distance decreased. The VP distance was \u22656\u2009mm in at least 75% of the DS group in practically all assessed interdental spaces. The MD distance was \u22652\u2009mm in at least 75% of the DS group only between the first and second molar, to 9\u2009mm of depth from the alveolar ridge. The safe area for inserting orthodontic miniscrews in DS patients is restricted to the most posterior and deepest area of the maxillary alveolar bone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49345-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T10:04:12Z","timestamp":1568109852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Safe zones of the maxillary alveolar bone in Down syndrome for orthodontic miniscrew placement assessed with cone-beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jacobo","family":"Limeres Posse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Abeleira Pazos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Outumuro Rial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Diz Dios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5349-1091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Diniz-Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"49345_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90343-7","volume":"84","author":"SS Desai","year":"1997","unstructured":"Desai, S. 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