{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:40:38Z","timestamp":1782315638306,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["105-2628-B-075-005-MY1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105-2628-B-075-005-MY1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep apnea has been associated with a variety of diseases, but its impact on sepsis outcome remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of intermittent hypoxia [IH]\u2013the principal feature of sleep apnea\u2013on murine sepsis. 5-week-old male C57BL6 mice were assigned to groups receiving severe IH (O2 fluctuating from room air to an O2 nadir of 5.7% with a cycle length of 90\u2009seconds), mild IH (room air to 12%, 4\u2009minutes\/cycle), or room air for 3 weeks. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture and survival was monitored. Sepsis severity was evaluated by murine sepsis scores, blood bacterial load, plasma tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 [TNF-\u03b1]\/interleukin-6 [IL-6] levels and histopathology of vital organs. Compared with normoxic controls, mice subjected to severe IH had earlier mortality, a lower leukocyte count, higher blood bacterial load, higher plasma TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 levels, more severe inflammatory changes in the lung, spleen and small intestine. Mice subjected to mild IH did not differ from normoxic controls, except a higher IL-6 level after sepsis induced. The adverse impact of severe IH was reversed following a 10-day normoxic recovery. In conclusion, severe IH, not mild IH, contributed to poorer outcomes in a murine sepsis model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49381-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T10:03:02Z","timestamp":1568023382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of Intermittent Hypoxia on Sepsis Outcomes in a Murine Model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kun-Ta","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Chin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiang-Fen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diahn-Warng","family":"Perng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Chuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuh-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Shui","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1813-4616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Chieh","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"49381_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","volume":"177","author":"PE Peppard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peppard, P. E. et al. Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol 177, 1006\u20131014, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kws342 (2013).","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"49381_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.310783","volume":"122","author":"JS Floras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Floras, J. S. Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: An Enigmatic Risk Factor. Circ Res 122, 1741\u20131764, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.310783 (2018).","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"49381_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.069","volume":"69","author":"S Javaheri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Javaheri, S. et al. Sleep Apnea: Types, Mechanisms, and Clinical Cardiovascular Consequences. J Am Coll Cardiol 69, 841\u2013858, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.069 (2017).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"49381_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.4.447","volume":"32","author":"ES Arnardottir","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arnardottir, E. S. et al. Molecular signatures of obstructive sleep apnea in adults: a review and perspective. Sleep 32, 447\u2013470 (2009).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"49381_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700292","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00292-2017","volume":"49","author":"MA Martinez-Garcia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martinez-Garcia, M. A. & Chiner, E. Sleep apnoea and risk of post-operative infection: beyond cardiovascular impact. Eur Respir J 49, 1700292, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00292-2017 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"49381_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.04.014","volume":"16","author":"SSG Palamaner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palamaner, S. S. G. et al. Association between sleep-disordered breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 16, 1289\u20131294, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.04.014 (2015).","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"49381_CR7","first-page":"113","volume":"7","author":"P Rajan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rajan, P. & Greenberg, H. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Sci Sleep 7, 113\u2013125 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"49381_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0855-1","volume":"18","author":"A Culebras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Culebras, A. & Anwar, S. Sleep Apnea Is a Risk Factor for Stroke and Vascular Dementia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 18, 53, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-018-0855-1 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"49381_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.131547","volume":"186","author":"VY Su","year":"2014","unstructured":"Su, V. Y. et al. Sleep apnea and risk of pneumonia: a nationwide population-based study. CMAJ 186, 415\u2013421, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.131547 (2014).","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"49381_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12187","volume":"44","author":"CY Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang, C. Y. et al. Sleep apnoea patients have higher mortality when confronting sepsis. Eur J Clin Invest 44, 38\u201345, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.12187 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"49381_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.1.298","volume":"86","author":"HE Greenberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Greenberg, H. E. et al. Chronic intermittent hypoxia increases sympathetic responsiveness to hypoxia and hypercapnia. J Appl Physiol 86, 298\u2013305 (1999).","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"49381_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02352.x","volume":"89","author":"BW Row","year":"2004","unstructured":"Row, B. W. et al. Platelet-activating factor receptor-deficient mice are protected from experimental sleep apnea-induced learning deficits. J Neurochem 89, 189\u2013196 (2004).","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"49381_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pii: 1602111","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02111-2016","volume":"49","author":"T Gallego-Martin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gallego-Martin, T. et al. Chronic intermittent hypoxia mimicking sleep apnoea increases spontaneous tumorigenesis in mice. Eur Respir J 49, pii: 1602111, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02111-2016 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"49381_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0174896","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174896","volume":"12","author":"D Polsek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polsek, D. et al. A novel adjustable automated system for inducing chronic intermittent hypoxia in mice. PLoS One 12, e0174896, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0174896 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"49381_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.3791\/2860","volume":"51","author":"MG Toscano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Toscano, M. G. et al. Cecal ligation puncture procedure. J Vis Exp 51, 2860, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/2860 (2011).","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"49381_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1753","volume":"14","author":"D Rittirsch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rittirsch, D. et al. Functional roles for C5a receptors in sepsis. Nat Med 14, 551\u2013557, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm1753 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"49381_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-233","volume":"7","author":"B Shrum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shrum, B. et al. A robust scoring system to evaluate sepsis severity in an animal model. BMC Res Notes 7, 233, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-7-233 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"49381_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10828","volume":"7","author":"K Buscher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buscher, K. et al. Protection from septic peritonitis by rapid neutrophil recruitment through omental high endothelial venules. Nat Commun 7, 10828, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms10828 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"49381_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200804-625OC","volume":"181","author":"T Cui","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cui, T. et al. Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 attenuates acute lung injury in mice after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 181, 238\u2013246, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200804-625OC (2010).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"49381_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2013.03.012","volume":"4","author":"RM Chang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chang, R. M. et al. Repair of damaged intestinal mucosa in a mouse model of sepsis. World J Emerg Med. 4, 223\u2013228, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2013.03.012 (2013).","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med."},{"key":"49381_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700833","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00833-2017","volume":"50","author":"C Cubillos-Zapata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cubillos-Zapata, C. et al. Hypoxia-induced PD-L1\/PD-1 crosstalk impairs T-cell function in sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 50, 1700833, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00833-2017 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"49381_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.08.009","volume":"190","author":"EA Said","year":"2017","unstructured":"Said, E. A. et al. Altered blood cytokines, CD4 T cells, NK and neutrophils in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Immunol Lett 190, 272\u2013278, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.08.009 (2017).","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"49381_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2003.00361.x","volume":"12","author":"A Alberti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alberti, A. et al. Plasma cytokine levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a preliminary study. J Sleep Res 12, 305\u2013311 (2003).","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"49381_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0152749","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152749","volume":"11","author":"E Chiner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chiner, E. et al. Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Community-Acquired Pneumonia. PLoS One 11, e0152749, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152749 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"49381_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1998","volume":"141","author":"AD Goldbart","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goldbart, A. D. et al. Sleep-disordered breathing is a risk factor for community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in early childhood. Chest 141, 1210\u20131215, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.11-1998 (2012).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"49381_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1159\/000050555","volume":"68","author":"BM Sanner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sanner, B. M. et al. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on infectious complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Respiration 68, 483\u2013487 (2001).","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"49381_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601486","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01486-2016","volume":"49","author":"S Rupprecht","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rupprecht, S. et al. Impact of sleep disordered breathing on short-term post-operative outcome after elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective observational study. Eur Respir J 49, 1601486, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01486-2016 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"49381_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.03.016","volume":"30","author":"RE Jean","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jean, R. E. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and acute respiratory failure: An analysis of mortality risk in patients with pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. J Crit Care 30, 778\u2013783, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.03.016 (2015).","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"49381_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3794","volume":"10","author":"LV Karnatovskaia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karnatovskaia, L. V. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 10, 657\u2013662, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.3794 (2014).","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"49381_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.62","volume":"37","author":"R Huttunen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huttunen, R. & Syrjanen, J. Obesity and the risk and outcome of infection. Int J Obes (Lond) 37, 333\u2013340, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2012.62 (2013).","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"49381_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv300","volume":"183","author":"MC Harps\u00f8e","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harps\u00f8e, M. C. et al. Body Mass Index and Risk of Infections Among Women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 183, 1008\u20131017, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwv300 (2016).","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"49381_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/2.5.801","volume":"12","author":"ID Gardner","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gardner, I. D. The effect of aging on susceptibility to infection. Rev Infect Dis 12, 801\u2013810 (1980).","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"49381_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.5VMR0118-021RR","volume":"104","author":"LM Frydrych","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frydrych, L. M. et al. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus drive immune dysfunction, infection development, and sepsis mortality. J Leukoc Biol 104, 525\u2013534, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JLB.5VMR0118-021RR (2018).","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"49381_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-2975-2","volume":"18","author":"W Abu-Ashour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abu-Ashour, W. et al. Diabetes and the occurrence of infection in primary care: a matched cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 18, 67, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-018-2975-2 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"49381_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823152b1","volume":"77","author":"O Finlayson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finlayson, O. et al. Risk factors, inpatient care, and outcomes of pneumonia after ischemic stroke. Neurology 77, 1338\u20131345, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823152b1 (2011).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"49381_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86326","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086326","volume":"9","author":"Q He","year":"2014","unstructured":"He, Q. et al. Effects of varying degrees of intermittent hypoxia on proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines in rats and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PLoS One 9, e86326, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0086326 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"49381_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030459","volume":"20","author":"Leila Kheirandish-Gozal.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leila Kheirandish-Gozal. et al. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Inflammation: Proof of Concept Based on Two Illustrative Cytokines. Int J Mol Sci 20, 459, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20030459 (2019).","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"49381_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1797-6","volume":"468","author":"I Alvarez-Martins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alvarez-Martins, I. et al. The impact of chronic intermittent hypoxia on hematopoiesis and the bone marrow microenvironment. Pflugers Arch 468, 919\u2013932, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-016-1797-6 (2016).","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"49381_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518764717","volume":"46","author":"JL Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, J. L. et al. Assessment of clinical sepsis-associated biomarkers in a septic mouse model. J Int Med Res 46, 2410\u20132422, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060518764717 (2018).","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"49381_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01220-05","volume":"74","author":"H Xiao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xiao, H. et al. Mechanisms of mortality in early and late sepsis. Infect Immun 74, 5227\u20135235 (2006).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"49381_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.080","volume":"62","author":"AS Gami","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gami, A. S. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a longitudinal study of 10,701 adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 62, 610\u2013616, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.080 (2013).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"49381_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30146-1","volume":"4","author":"WT McNicholas","year":"2016","unstructured":"McNicholas, W. T. et al. Mild obstructive sleep apnoea: clinical relevance and approaches to management. Lancet Respir Med 4, 826\u2013834, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30146-1 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"49381_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12039","volume":"22","author":"Merce Gasa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gasa, M. et al. Residual sleepiness in sleep apnea patients treated by continuous positive airway pressure. J Sleep Res 22, 389\u201397, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.12039 (2013).","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"49381_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00016808","volume":"33","author":"J-L. Pepin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pepin, J. L. et al. Prevalence of residual excessive sleepiness in CPAP-treated sleep apnoea patients: the French multicentre study. European Respiratory Journal 33(5), 1062\u20131067 (2009).","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"49381_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.2.194","volume":"27","author":"Sigrid C. Veasey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Veasey, S. C. et al. Long-term Intermittent Hypoxia in Mice: Protracted Hypersomnolence with Oxidative Injury to Sleep-Wake Brain Regions. Sleep 27(2), 194\u2013201 (2004).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"49381_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhan, G., Fenik, P., Pratico, D. & Veasey, S. C. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Long-term Intermittent Hypoxia. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 171(12), 1414\u20131420 (2005).","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200411-1564OC"},{"key":"49381_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, S. X. et al. Pathological consequences of intermittent hypoxia in the central nervous system. Compr Physiol. 2, 1767, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c100060 (2012).","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100060"},{"key":"49381_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almendros, I., Wang, Y. & Gozal, D. The polymorphic and contradictory aspects of intermittent hypoxia. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 307(2), L129\u2013L140 (2014).","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00089.2014"},{"issue":"8","key":"49381_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0180380","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180380","volume":"12","author":"Mi\u0142osz Czuba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Czuba, M. et al. Intermittent hypoxic training improves anaerobic performance in competitive swimmers when implemented into a direct competition mesocycle PLOS ONE 12(8), e0180380 (2017).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"49381_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i8","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093109","volume":"47","author":"Olivier Girard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Girard, O. et al. Position statement\u2014altitude training for improving team-sport players\u2019 performance: current knowledge and unresolved issues British Journal of Sports Medicine 47(Suppl 1), i8\u2013i16 (2013).","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49381-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49381-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49381-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T13:21:26Z","timestamp":1671283286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49381-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["49381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-49381-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"12900"}}