{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:07:17Z","timestamp":1790075237237,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"DH | National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDF-2014-07-019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDF-2014-07-019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"DH | National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NF-SI-0611-10196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NF-SI-0611-10196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT10159MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT10159MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT101597MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT101597MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CS\/16\/4\/32482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS\/16\/4\/32482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of gestational hypertension (GH) and pre-eclampsia (PE) is increasing. Use of blood pressure (BP) change patterns may improve early detection of BP abnormalities. We used Linear spline random-effects models to estimate BP patterns across pregnancy for white British and Pakistani women. Pakistani women compared to white British women had lower BP during the first two trimesters of pregnancy, irrespective of the development of GH or PE or presence of a risk factor. Pakistani compared to white British women with GH and PE showed steeper BP increases towards the end of pregnancy. Pakistani women were half as likely to develop GH, but as likely to develop PE than white British women. To conclude; BP trajectories differ by ethnicity. Because GH developed evenly from 20 weeks gestation, and PE occurred more commonly after 36 weeks in both ethnic groups, the lower BP up to the third trimester in Pakistani women resulted in a lower GH rate, whereas PE rates, influenced by the steep third trimester BP increase were similar. Criteria for diagnosing GH and PE may benefit from considering ethnic differences in BP change across pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49722-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T10:03:52Z","timestamp":1568369032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Blood pressure change across pregnancy in white British and Pakistani women: analysis of data from the Born in Bradford cohort"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-761X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Farrar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0427-1783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian","family":"Santorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie A.","family":"Lawlor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Tuffnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor A.","family":"Sheldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5770-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrie","family":"Macdonald-Wallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"49722_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.05.005","volume":"170","author":"E Abalos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abalos, E., Cuesta, C., Grosso, A. L., Chou, D. & Say, L. Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Repro Biol 170, 1\u20137 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Repro Biol"},{"key":"49722_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.120080","volume":"186","author":"A Buchbinder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Buchbinder, A. et al. Adverse perinatal outcomes are significantly higher in severe gestational hypertension than in mild preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186, 66\u201371 (2002).","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"49722_CR3","first-page":"24","volume":"95","author":"JC Hauth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hauth, J. C. et al. Pregnancy outcomes in healthy nulliparas who developed hypertension. Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention Study Group. Obstet Gynecol 95, 24\u201328 (2000).","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"49722_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-015-0110-5","volume":"15","author":"M Muti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Muti, M., Tshimanga, M., Notion, G. T., Bangure, D. & Chonzi, P. Prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension and pregnancy outcomes among women seeking maternity services in Harare, Zimbabwe. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 15, 111 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"49722_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38380.674340.E0","volume":"330","author":"K Duckitt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Duckitt, K. & Harrington, D. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: systematic review of controlled studies. BMJ 330, 565 (2005).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"49722_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2011.01.006","volume":"25","author":"JA Hutcheon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hutcheon, J. A., Lisonkova, S. & Joseph, K. S. Epidemiology of pre-eclampsia and the other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 25, 391\u2013403, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2011.01.006 (2011).","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"49722_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cantwell, R. et al. Saving Mothers\u2019 Lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006\u201308. The Eighth Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. BJOG. 118, 1\u2013203 (2011).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02847.x"},{"key":"49722_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68397-9","volume":"367","author":"KS Khan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khan, K. S., Wojdyla, D., Say, L., G\u00fclmezoglu, A. M. & Van Look, P. F. A. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet 367, 1066\u20131074, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68397-9 (2006).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"49722_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76083","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076083","volume":"8","author":"K Bramham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bramham, K. et al. Association of Proteinuria Threshold in Pre-Eclampsia with Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes: A Nested Case Control Cohort of High Risk Women. PloS one 8, e76083, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0076083 (2013).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"49722_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2012.05.006","volume":"2","author":"AL Tranquilli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tranquilli, A. L., Landi, B., Giannubilo, S. R. & Sibai, B. M. Preeclampsia: No longer solely a pregnancy disease. Pregnancy Hypertens 2, 350\u2013357, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preghy.2012.05.006 (2012).","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"49722_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2016.08.231","volume":"6","author":"D Ayansina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ayansina, D. et al. Long term effects of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia on kidney function: Record linkage study. Pregnancy Hypertens 6, 344\u2013349 (2016).","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"49722_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07466","volume":"68","author":"RJ Ahmed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmed, R. J. et al. The Cost Implications of Less Tight Versus Tight Control of Hypertension in Pregnancy (CHIPS Trial). Hypertension 68, 1049\u20131055 (2016).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"49722_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01316.x","volume":"98","author":"H Mistry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mistry, H., Dowie, R., Franklin, R. C. G. & Jani, B. R. Costs of neonatal care for low-birthweight babies in English hospitals. Acta P\u00e6diatr 98, 1123\u20131129 (2009).","journal-title":"Acta P\u00e6diatr"},{"key":"49722_CR14","unstructured":"Hypertension in Pregnancy: Costing Report: Implementing NICE Guidance. National Collaborating Centre for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health (UK). London: RCOG Press; 2010 Aug."},{"key":"49722_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cluver, C., Novikova, N., Koopmans, C. M. & West, H. M. Planned early delivery versus expectant management for hypertensive disorders from 34 weeks gestation to term. Cochrane Database Syst Revs, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009273.pub2 (2017).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009273.pub2"},{"key":"49722_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duley, L., Meher, S. & Jones, L. Drugs for treatment of very high blood pressure during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Revis, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001449.pub3 (2013).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001449.pub3"},{"key":"49722_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duley, L., G\u00fclmezoglu, A. M., Henderson-Smart, D. J. & Chou, D. Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. Cochrane Database Syst Revs, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000025.pub2 (2010).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000025.pub2"},{"key":"49722_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.187039","volume":"59","author":"C Macdonald-Wallis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Macdonald-Wallis, C. et al. Blood pressure change in normotensive, gestational hypertensive, preeclamptic, and essential hypertensive pregnancies. Hypertension 59, 1241\u20131248 (2012).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"49722_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1326987","volume":"30","author":"U Magriples","year":"2013","unstructured":"Magriples, U. et al. Blood pressure changes during pregnancy: impact of race, body mass index, and weight gain. Am J Perinatol 30, 415\u2013424, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1326987 (2013).","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"49722_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(87)90347-4","volume":"156","author":"RE Reiss","year":"1987","unstructured":"Reiss, R. E., Oshaughnessy, R. W., Quilligan, T. J. & Zuspan, F. P. Retrospective comparison of blood-pressure course during preeclamptic and matched control pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 156, 894\u2013898 (1987).","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"49722_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2014.02.001","volume":"4","author":"AL Tranquilli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tranquilli, A. L. et al. The classification, diagnosis and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A revised statement from the ISSHP. Pregnancy Hypertens 4, 97\u2013104 (2014).","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"49722_CR22","unstructured":"Hypertension in Pregnancy: The Management of Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy. National Collaborating Centre for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health (UK). London: RCOG Press; 2010 Aug."},{"key":"49722_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00070-7","volume":"387","author":"BWJ Mol","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mol, B. W. J. et al. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 387, 999\u20131011 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"49722_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328349eec6","volume":"29","author":"C Macdonald-Wallis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Macdonald-Wallis, C., Tilling, K., Fraser, A., Nelson, S. M. & Lawlor, D. A. Established preeclampsia risk factors are related to patterns of blood pressure change in normal term pregnancy: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. J Hypertens 29, 1703\u20131711 (2011).","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"49722_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000368","volume":"33","author":"C Macdonald-Wallis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Macdonald-Wallis, C. et al. Gestational-age-specific reference ranges for blood pressure in pregnancy: findings from a prospective cohort. J hypertens 33, 96\u2013105 (2015).","journal-title":"J hypertens"},{"key":"49722_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macdonald-Wallis, C. et al. Antenatal blood pressure for prediction of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and small for gestational age babies: development and validation in two general population cohorts. BMJ 351 (2015).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5948"},{"key":"49722_CR27","unstructured":"British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group. Ethnic differences in Cardiovascular disease. Department of Public Health 10th edition (2010)."},{"key":"49722_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00429101","volume":"35","author":"PM McKeigue","year":"1992","unstructured":"McKeigue, P. M., Pierpoint, T., Ferrie, J. E. & Marmot, M. G. Relationship of glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia to body fat pattern in South Asians and Europeans. Diabetologia 35, 785\u2013791 (1992).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"49722_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3386-6","volume":"57","author":"DA Lawlor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lawlor, D. A. et al. Pregnancy glycaemia and cord-blood levels of insulin and leptin in Pakistani and white British mother\u2013offspring pairs: findings from a prospective pregnancy cohort. Diabetologia 57, 2492\u20132500 (2014).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"49722_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201891","volume":"67","author":"J West","year":"2013","unstructured":"West, J. et al. UK-born Pakistani-origin infants are relatively more adipose than White British infants: findings from 8704 mother-offspring pairs in the Born-in-Bradford prospective birth cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 67, 544\u2013551 (2013).","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"49722_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00255-7","volume":"3","author":"D Farrar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Farrar, D. et al. Association between hyperglycaemia and adverse perinatal outcomes in south Asian and white British women: analysis of data from the Born in Bradford cohort. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3, 795\u2013804 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"49722_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30217-0","volume":"4","author":"L Poston","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poston, L. et al. Preconceptional and maternal obesity: epidemiology and health consequences. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4, 1025\u20131036 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"49722_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0579-4","volume":"15","author":"TL Weissgerber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weissgerber, T. L. & Mudd, L. M. Preeclampsia and Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 15, 9 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"49722_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12978","volume":"122","author":"Z Naimy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Naimy, Z., Grytten, J., Monkerud, L. & Eskild, A. The prevalence of pre-eclampsia in migrant relative to native Norwegian women: a population-based study. BJOG 122, 859\u2013865 (2015).","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"49722_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000164478.91731.06","volume":"106","author":"AB Caughey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caughey, A. B., Stotland, N. E., Washington, A. E. & Escobar, G. J. Maternal Ethnicity, Paternal Ethnicity, and Parental Ethnic Discordance: Predictors of Preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 106, 156\u2013161 (2005).","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"49722_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2011.01222.x","volume":"26","author":"J Gong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gong, J., Savitz, D. A., Stein, C. R. & Engel, S. M. Maternal ethnicity and pre-eclampsia in New York City, 1995\u20132003. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 26, 45\u201352 (2012).","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"49722_CR37","first-page":"283","volume":"24","author":"G Ghosh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghosh, G. et al. Racial\/ethnic differences in pregnancy-related hypertensive disease in nulliparous women. Ethn Dis 24, 283\u2013289 (2014).","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"49722_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.194365","volume":"60","author":"SH Bouthoorn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bouthoorn, S. H. et al. Ethnic Differences in Blood Pressure and Hypertensive Complications During Pregnancy: The Generation R Study. Hypertension 60, 198\u2013205 (2012).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"49722_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000918","volume":"34","author":"CW Waage","year":"2016","unstructured":"Waage, C. W. et al. Ethnic differences in blood pressure from early pregnancy to postpartum: a Norwegian cohort study. J Hypertension 34, 1151\u20131159 (2016).","journal-title":"J Hypertension"},{"key":"49722_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"J Wright","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wright, J. et al. Cohort profile: The Born in Bradford multi-ethnic family cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 4, 1\u201314 (2012).","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"49722_CR41","unstructured":"Antenatal Care: Routine Care for the Healthy Pregnant Woman. National Collaborating Centre for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health (UK). London: RCOG Press; 2008 Mar."},{"key":"49722_CR42","unstructured":"Office of National Statistics, https:\/\/gss.civilservice.gov.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Ethnic-Group-June-17.pdf."},{"key":"49722_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(07)80004-0","volume":"4","author":"GC Di Renzo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Di Renzo, G. C., Rosati, A., Sarti, R. D., Cruciani, L. & Cutuli, A. M. Does fetal sex affect pregnancy outcome? Gender Med 4, 19\u201330 (2007).","journal-title":"Gender Med"},{"key":"49722_CR44","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Report of a WHO consultation. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. (WHO, 1999)."},{"key":"49722_CR45","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Body Mass Index \u2013 BMI, http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/disease-prevention\/nutrition\/a-healthy-lifestyle\/body-mass-index-bmi (last accessed January 2018)."},{"key":"49722_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.10.864","volume":"202","author":"AS Bryant","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bryant, A. S., Worjoloh, A., Caughey, A. B. & Washington, A. E. Racial\/Ethnic Disparities in Obstetrical Outcomes and Care: Prevalence and Determinants. Am J Obs Gynecol 202, 335\u2013343 (2010).","journal-title":"Am J Obs Gynecol"},{"key":"49722_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2015.1090581","volume":"34","author":"S Shahul","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shahul, S. et al. Racial Disparities in Comorbidities, Complications, and Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Women with Preeclampsia\/Eclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 34, 506\u2013515 (2015).","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy"},{"key":"49722_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91667-4","volume":"1","author":"CWG Redman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Redman, C. W. G. & Jefferies, M. Revised definition of pre-eclampsia. Lancet 1, 809\u2013812 (1988).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"49722_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3476-1","volume":"291","author":"M Bullarbo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bullarbo, M. & Rylander, R. Diastolic blood pressure increase is a risk indicator for pre-eclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 291, 819\u2013823 (2015).","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"49722_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.108865","volume":"183","author":"RJ Levine","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levine, R. J. et al. Should the definition of preeclampsia include a rise in diastolic blood pressure of \u226515\u2009mm Hg to a level <90\u2009mm Hg in association with proteinuria? Am J Obstet Gynecol 183, 787\u2013792 (2000).","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"49722_CR51","first-page":"1061","volume":"76","author":"TR Easterling","year":"1990","unstructured":"Easterling, T. R., Benedetti, T. J., Schmucker, B. C. & Millard, S. P. Maternal Hemodynamics in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies: A Longitudinal Study. Obstet Gynecol 76, 1061\u20131069 (1990).","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"49722_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00325.x","volume":"15","author":"J Golding","year":"2001","unstructured":"Golding, J., Pembrey, M. & Jones, R., The Alspac Study Team. ALSPAC\u2013The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Paediat Perinat Epidemiol 15, 74\u201387 (2001).","journal-title":"Paediat Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"49722_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, M. A., Lindheimer, M. D., de Swiet, M., Assche, A. V. & Moutquin, J. M. The classification and diagnosis of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: statement from the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP). Hypertens Pregnancy 20 (2001).","DOI":"10.3109\/10641950109152635"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49722-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49722-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49722-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T13:25:56Z","timestamp":1671283556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49722-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["49722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-49722-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"D.A.L. has received support in the last 10 years from National and International governments and charitable funders, Medtronic and Roche Diagnostics for research unrelated to that presented here. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"13199"}}