{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:22:52Z","timestamp":1793319772758,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002642","name":"Korea University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant for Young Scientist"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant for Young Scientist"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002642","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea University grant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["117039-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["117039-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the efficacy of synthetic fungicides in controlling postharvest diseases, public concerns regarding chemical residues in food and an increase in drug-resistant strains of pathogens have led to a need for new agents to control postharvest diseases. The current study was performed to find control agents of microbial origin that are effective on gray mold of tomato fruits. We recently isolated <jats:italic>Streptomyces rectiviolaceus<\/jats:italic> DY46, which has antagonistic activity against various plant pathogenic fungi. The incidence of gray mold of tomato fruits was markedly reduced by 80.0% in tomatoes treated with the cell extract of <jats:italic>Streptomyces rectiviolaceus<\/jats:italic> DY46 compared with the control tomatoes. The active ingredient was purified from the cell extract of DY46 and identified to be 32,33-didehydroroflamycoin (DDHR). DDHR displayed MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) against the mycelial growth of various plant pathogenic fungi at concentrations of 8\u201364\u2009mg\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The incidence of gray mold in tomato fruits inoculated with conidial suspension (10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> conidia mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) of <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic> was markedly reduced by 88.9% in tomatoes treated with DDHR (100\u2009mg\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) compared with the control. The DDHR residue in tomato fruit was significantly diminished 2 d after treatment. These results show that DDHR would be relatively safe for use as a postharvest fungicide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49779-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T10:04:13Z","timestamp":1568887453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Disease control efficacy of 32,33-didehydroroflamycoin produced by Streptomyces rectiviolaceus strain DY46 against gray mold of tomato fruit"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6388-522X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Do","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeong Jun","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beom Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"49779_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200600158","volume":"51","author":"L Frusciante","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frusciante, L. et al. Antioxidant nutritional quality of tomato. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51, 609\u2013617 (2007).","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"49779_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2010.10.0579","volume":"51","author":"SK Pandey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pandey, S. K. et al. An update on biotechnological approaches for improving abiotic stress tolerance in tomato. Crop Sci. 51, 2303\u20132324 (2011).","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"49779_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2174\/138920210790217927","volume":"11","author":"DR Panthee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Panthee, D. R. & Chen, F. Genomics of fungal disease resistance in tomato. Curr. Genomics 11, 30\u201339 (2010).","journal-title":"Curr. Genomics"},{"key":"49779_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2008.05.018","volume":"51","author":"ME Badawy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Badawy, M. E. & Rabea, E. I. Potential of the biopolymer chitosan with different molecular weights to control postharvest gray mold of tomato fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 51, 110\u2013117 (2009).","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"49779_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2007.00417.x","volume":"8","author":"B Williamson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williamson, B., Tudzynski, B., Tudzynski, P. & van Kan, J. A. Botrytis cinerea: the cause of grey mould disease. Mol. Plant Pathol. 8, 561\u2013580 (2007).","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"49779_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barkai-Golan, R. Postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables: development and control. 1st edn, (Elsevier, 2001).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044450584-2\/50001-0"},{"key":"49779_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-99-9-1028","volume":"99","author":"G Romanazzi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Romanazzi, G., Gabler, F. M., Margosan, D., Mackey, B. E. & Smilanick, J. L. Effect of chitosan dissolved in different acids on its ability to control postharvest gray mold of table grape. Phytopathology 99, 1028\u20131036 (2009).","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"49779_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adaskaveg, J. & F\u00f6rster, H. In Postharvest Pathology (eds Dov Prusky & Maria Lodovica Gullino) Ch. 8, 107\u2013117 (Springer, 2010).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8930-5_8"},{"key":"49779_CR9","unstructured":"Narayanasamy, P. Postharvest pathogens and disease management. (John Wiley & Sons, 2008)."},{"key":"49779_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.09.004","volume":"167","author":"J Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, J., Sui, Y., Wisniewski, M., Droby, S. & Liu, Y. Review: Utilization of antagonistic yeasts to manage postharvest fungal diseases of fruit. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 167, 153\u2013160 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"49779_CR11","first-page":"265","volume":"8","author":"PS Ajith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ajith, P. S. & Lakshmidevi, N. Effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds from Trichoderma spp. against Colletotrichum capsici incitant of anthracnose on bell peppers. Nat. Sci. 8, 265\u2013269 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Sci."},{"key":"49779_CR12","unstructured":"Kim, B. S. & Hwang, B. K. In Fungal biotechnology in agricultural, food, and environmental applications (ed Arora, D. K.) 202\u2013221 (Marcel & Decker, 2003)."},{"key":"49779_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.47.100193.000421","volume":"47","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tanaka, Y. & Omura, S. Agroactive compounds of microbial origin. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 47, 57\u201387 (1993).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"49779_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1021\/jf1038585","volume":"59","author":"JD Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, J. D. et al. Disease control effect of strevertenes produced by Streptomyces psammoticus against tomato Fusarium wilt. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59, 1893\u20131899 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"49779_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2011.81","volume":"64","author":"E Stod\u016flkov\u00e1","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stod\u016flkov\u00e1, E. et al. New polyene macrolide family produced by submerged culture of Streptomyces durmitorensis. J. Antibiot. 64, 717\u2013722 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"49779_CR16","unstructured":"CLSI. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi: approved standard-second edition. CLSI document M38-A2. Vol. 28 (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2008)."},{"key":"49779_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10133","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.15.10133","volume":"274","author":"JF Aparicio","year":"1999","unstructured":"Aparicio, J. F., Colina, A. J., Ceballos, E. & Mart\u0131\u0301n, J. F. The biosynthetic gene cluster for the 26-membered ring polyene macrolide pimaricin. A new polyketide synthase organization encoded by two subclusters separated by functionalization genes. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 10133\u201310139 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"49779_CR18","unstructured":"McMurry, J. Organic chemistry: a biological approach. (Cengage Learning, 2006)."},{"key":"49779_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.31.539","volume":"31","author":"H Baker","year":"1978","unstructured":"Baker, H., Sidorowicz, A., Sehgal, S. & Vezina, C. Rapamycin(AY-22, 989), a new antifungal antibiotics. J. Antibiot. 31, 539\u2013545 (1978).","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"49779_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1021\/np060542f","volume":"70","author":"P Cai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cai, P. et al. Polyene antibiotics from Streptomyces mediocidicus. J. Nat. Prod. 70, 215\u2013219 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"49779_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1039\/b109741p","volume":"2002","author":"C Thirsk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thirsk, C. & Whiting, A. Polyene natural products. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I 2002, 999\u20131023 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I"},{"key":"49779_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2222","volume":"68","author":"A P\u00e9rez-de-Luque","year":"2012","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-de-Luque, A. et al. Effect of amphotericin B nanodisks on plant fungal diseases. Pest Manag. Sci. 68, 67\u201374 (2012).","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"49779_CR23","first-page":"1211","volume":"95","author":"V Idemyor","year":"2003","unstructured":"Idemyor, V. Emerging opportunistic fungal infections: where are we heading? J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 95, 1211 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"49779_CR24","first-page":"19","volume":"58","author":"J Delves-Broughton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Delves-Broughton, J., Thomas, L. & Williams, G. Natamycin as an antimycotic preservative on cheese and fermented sausages. Food Aust. 58, 19\u201321 (2006).","journal-title":"Food Aust."},{"key":"49779_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867033368448","volume":"10","author":"SB Zotchev","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zotchev, S. B. Polyene macrolide antibiotics and their applications in human therapy. Curr. Med. Chem. 10, 211\u2013223 (2003).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"49779_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00038a011","volume":"95","author":"SD Rychnovsky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rychnovsky, S. D. Oxo polyene macrolide antibiotics. Chem. Rev. 95, 2021\u20132040 (1995).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"49779_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7106","DOI":"10.1021\/jf030332y","volume":"51","author":"JL Koontz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koontz, J. L. & Marcy, J. E. Formation of natamycin: cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and their characterization. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51, 7106\u20137110 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"49779_CR28","first-page":"294","volume":"52","author":"K Thoma","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thoma, K. & Kubler, N. Photostability of antifungal agents. 2. Photostability of polyene antibiotics. Pharmazie 52, 294\u2013302 (1997).","journal-title":"Photostability of polyene antibiotics. Pharmazie"},{"key":"49779_CR29","unstructured":"Tereshin, I. Polyene antibiotics: present and future. (University of Tokyo Press Japan, 1976)."},{"key":"49779_CR30","unstructured":"Dekker, A., Dutreux, N. & Stark, J. Polyene antibiotic for controlling fungal growth in banana crops. PCT patent WO2005074687 (2005)."},{"key":"49779_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2007.04.005","volume":"46","author":"F Cong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cong, F., Zhang, Y. & Dong, W. Use of surface coatings with natamycin to improve the storability of Hami melon at ambient temperature. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 46, 71\u201375 (2007).","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"49779_CR32","unstructured":"Guilhabert-Goya, M. & Margolis, J. S. Synergistic combinations of polyene fungicides and non-ribosomal peptides and related methods of use. U.S.A patent US8623813B2 (2014)."},{"key":"49779_CR33","unstructured":"Stark, J. & De Rijk, A. New antifungal compositions. Europe patent EP2680691B1 (2015)."},{"key":"49779_CR34","unstructured":"Stark, J., Van Rijn, F. T. J. & Hunik, J. H. Post-harvest treatment of fruits with an antifungal composition. U.S.A. patent US8722134B2 (2014)."},{"key":"49779_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12326","volume":"115","author":"N Stankovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stankovic, N. et al. Didehydroroflamycoin pentaene macrolide family from Streptomyces durmitorensis MS405T: production optimization and antimicrobial activity. J. Appl. Microbiol. 115, 1297\u20131306 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"49779_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12229","volume":"58","author":"A Vartak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vartak, A. et al. Isolation of a new broad spectrum antifungal polyene from Streptomyces sp. MTCC 5680. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 58, 591\u2013596 (2014).","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"49779_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2014.10.038","volume":"1848","author":"A Koukalov\u00e1","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koukalov\u00e1, A. et al. Membrane activity of the pentaene macrolide didehydroroflamycoin in model lipid bilayers. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr. 1848, 444\u2013452 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"issue":"5","key":"49779_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13071","volume":"120","author":"BJ Jeon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeon, B. J., Kim, J. D., Han, J. W. & Kim, B. S. Antifungal activity of rimocidin and a new rimocidin derivative BU16 produced by Streptomyces mauvecolor BU16 and their effects on pepper anthracnose. J. Appl. Microbiol. 120(5), 1219\u20131228 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"49779_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201100134","volume":"52","author":"JD Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, J. D., Han, J. W., Hwang, I. C., Lee, D. & Kim, B. S. Identification and biocontrol efficacy of Streptomyces miharaensis producing filipin III against Fusarium wilt. J. Basic Microbiol. 52, 150\u2013159 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"49779_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4472","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.9.4472-4479.2002","volume":"68","author":"M Mets\u00e4-Ketel\u00e4","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mets\u00e4-Ketel\u00e4, M. et al. Molecular evolution of aromatic polyketides and comparative sequence analysis of polyketide ketosynthase and 16S ribosomal DNA genes from various Streptomyces species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 4472\u20134479 (2002).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"49779_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4181","volume":"72","author":"JD Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, J. D. et al. Evaluation of the endophytic nature of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GYL4 and its efficacy in the control of anthracnose. Pest Manag. Sci. 72, 1529\u20131536 (2016).","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"49779_CR42","unstructured":"USDA. United States standards for grades of fresh tomatoes. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Washington, DC (1991)."},{"key":"49779_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1311","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.1311","volume":"4","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Qin, G., Li, B. & Tian, S. Infection Assays of Tomato and Apple Fruit by the Fungal Pathogen Botrytis cinerea. BioProtoc. 4, e1311, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21769\/BioProtoc.1311 (2014).","journal-title":"BioProtoc."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49779-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49779-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49779-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T13:41:49Z","timestamp":1671284509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-49779-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["49779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-49779-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"13533"}}